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From 2014-08 onward the D0 substrate set was used to collect dust collected in the vicinity of 67P/CHURYUMOV GERASIMENKO 1 (1969 R1) and dust analysis with TOF-SIMS. From 2014-10-23 onward due to an instrument failure, the SIMS data became scientifically unusable. While other SIMS parameter sets were tested, substrates CF were exposed from mid 2015-12 and C7 from mid 2015-02. End of March 2015 SIMS became operational again. D1 and CD were exposed and SIMS was done with CD, CF and D1. In June TOF-SIMS was done with CF and D1. In July C7 was measured again, while CD was used for expose and TOF-SIMS up to October. D2 was exposed in September. This data set supersedes all previous COSIMA datasets, like RO-C-COSIMA-3-V1.0, RO-C-COSIMA-3-V2.0, RO-C-COSIMA-3-V3.0, RO-CAL-COSIMA-2-V1.0 and RO-CAL-COSIMA-3-V3.0 Also, in the above previous versions, the values of the temperature in the HK data where given in Celsius although Kelvin was written in the description of the table in the FMT file","identifier":"urn:nasa:pds:context_pds3:data_set:data_set.ro-c-cosima-3-v4.0;urn:nasa:pds:context_pds3:data_set:data_set.ro-c-cosima-3-v4.0::1.0","keyword":["__"],"license":"https://www.usa.gov/government-works","modified":"2026-09-08","programCode":["026:000"],"publisher":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"Small Bodies"},"theme":["Planetary Science"],"title":"ROSETTA-ORBITER 67P COSIMA 3 V4.0"},"description":"The Rosetta COSIMA data contains the operational history of the 72 dust collecting substrates from the installation inside the instrument. This dataset contains data from 2002-05-29 up to 2015-10-20. The operations are either expose, storage, spectra, peaks, scans, heating, imaging or grain lists. The data is grouped by the substrate and time. Up to the 2014-08 the aim of the data has been the instrument health and operational functionality, not statistically significant substrate background spectra. From 2014-08 onward the D0 substrate set was used to collect dust collected in the vicinity of 67P/CHURYUMOV GERASIMENKO 1 (1969 R1) and dust analysis with TOF-SIMS. From 2014-10-23 onward due to an instrument failure, the SIMS data became scientifically unusable. While other SIMS parameter sets were tested, substrates CF were exposed from mid 2015-12 and C7 from mid 2015-02. End of March 2015 SIMS became operational again. D1 and CD were exposed and SIMS was done with CD, CF and D1. In June TOF-SIMS was done with CF and D1. In July C7 was measured again, while CD was used for expose and TOF-SIMS up to October. D2 was exposed in September. This data set supersedes all previous COSIMA datasets, like RO-C-COSIMA-3-V1.0, RO-C-COSIMA-3-V2.0, RO-C-COSIMA-3-V3.0, RO-CAL-COSIMA-2-V1.0 and RO-CAL-COSIMA-3-V3.0 Also, in the above previous versions, the values of the temperature in the HK data where given in Celsius although Kelvin was written in the description of the table in the FMT file","distribution_titles":[],"harvest_record":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/dd36c748-99da-40f3-9643-8142cfb9e66e","harvest_record_raw":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/dd36c748-99da-40f3-9643-8142cfb9e66e/raw","has_download":false,"has_spatial":false,"identifier":"urn:nasa:pds:context_pds3:data_set:data_set.ro-c-cosima-3-v4.0;urn:nasa:pds:context_pds3:data_set:data_set.ro-c-cosima-3-v4.0::1.0","keyword":["__"],"last_harvested_date":"2026-09-09T00:18:35.812525","organization":{"aliases":[""],"code_repo_exempt":false,"code_repo_url":null,"description":null,"id":"f4ca4614-8901-409b-8553-2e994ad10023","logo":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GSA/logo/refs/heads/master/nasa.png","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","organization_type":"Federal Government","slug":"nasa"},"parent_identifier":null,"popularity":1,"publisher":"Small Bodies","slug":"rosetta-orbiter-67p-cosima-3-v4-0-6781f","spatial_centroid":null,"spatial_shape":null,"theme":["Planetary Science"],"title":"ROSETTA-ORBITER 67P COSIMA 3 V4.0","type":"dataset"},{"_score":9.601276,"_sort":[1788913041555,9.601276,1,"a591c5a5-582d-4c19-aded-f6c40a573628"],"dcat":{"@type":"dcat:Dataset","accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["026:00"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Planetary Data System","hasEmail":"mailto:pds-operator@jpl.nasa.gov"},"description":"The Rosetta COSIMA data contains the operational history of the 72 dust collecting substrates from the installation inside the instrument. This dataset contains calibrated housekeeping and raw spectra with COSIMA onboard automatic mass calibration for the period from 2002-05-29 up to 2016-01-12. The operations are either expose, storage, spectra, peaks, scans, heating, imaging or grain lists. The data is grouped by the substrate and time. Up to the 2014-08 the aim of the data has been the instrument health and operational functionality, not statistically significant substrate background spectra. From 2014-08 onward the D0 substrate set was used to collect dust collected in the vicinity of 67P/CHURYUMOV GERASIMENKO 1 (1969 R1) and dust analysis with TOF-SIMS. From 2014-10-23 onward due to an instrument failure, the SIMS data became scientifically unusable. While other SIMS parameter sets were tested, substrates CF were exposed from mid 2015-12 and C7 from mid 2015-02. End of March 2015 SIMS became operational again. D1 and CD were exposed and SIMS was done with CD, CF and D1. In June TOF-SIMS was done with CF and D1. In July C7 was measured again, while CD was used for expose and TOF-SIMS up to October. D2 was exposed in September. This data set supersedes all previous COSIMA datasets, like RO-C-COSIMA-3-V1.0, RO-C-COSIMA-3-V2.0, RO-C-COSIMA-3-V3.0, RO-C-COSIMA-3-V4.0, RO-CAL-COSIMA-2-V1.0 and RO-CAL-COSIMA-3-V3.0 Also, in the above previous versions, the values of the temperature in the HK data where given in Celsius although Kelvin was written in the description of the table in the FMT file. This was fixed in the version RO-C-COSIMA-3-V3.0.","identifier":"urn:nasa:pds:context_pds3:data_set:data_set.ro-c-cosima-3-v5.0;urn:nasa:pds:context_pds3:data_set:data_set.ro-c-cosima-3-v5.0::1.0","keyword":["__"],"license":"https://www.usa.gov/government-works","modified":"2026-09-08","programCode":["026:000"],"publisher":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"Small Bodies"},"theme":["Planetary Science"],"title":"ROSETTA-ORBITER 67P COSIMA 3 V5.0"},"description":"The Rosetta COSIMA data contains the operational history of the 72 dust collecting substrates from the installation inside the instrument. This dataset contains calibrated housekeeping and raw spectra with COSIMA onboard automatic mass calibration for the period from 2002-05-29 up to 2016-01-12. The operations are either expose, storage, spectra, peaks, scans, heating, imaging or grain lists. The data is grouped by the substrate and time. Up to the 2014-08 the aim of the data has been the instrument health and operational functionality, not statistically significant substrate background spectra. From 2014-08 onward the D0 substrate set was used to collect dust collected in the vicinity of 67P/CHURYUMOV GERASIMENKO 1 (1969 R1) and dust analysis with TOF-SIMS. From 2014-10-23 onward due to an instrument failure, the SIMS data became scientifically unusable. While other SIMS parameter sets were tested, substrates CF were exposed from mid 2015-12 and C7 from mid 2015-02. End of March 2015 SIMS became operational again. D1 and CD were exposed and SIMS was done with CD, CF and D1. In June TOF-SIMS was done with CF and D1. In July C7 was measured again, while CD was used for expose and TOF-SIMS up to October. D2 was exposed in September. This data set supersedes all previous COSIMA datasets, like RO-C-COSIMA-3-V1.0, RO-C-COSIMA-3-V2.0, RO-C-COSIMA-3-V3.0, RO-C-COSIMA-3-V4.0, RO-CAL-COSIMA-2-V1.0 and RO-CAL-COSIMA-3-V3.0 Also, in the above previous versions, the values of the temperature in the HK data where given in Celsius although Kelvin was written in the description of the table in the FMT file. This was fixed in the version RO-C-COSIMA-3-V3.0.","distribution_titles":[],"harvest_record":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/f246ad8b-e13b-4729-b799-d09cd01cf914","harvest_record_raw":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/f246ad8b-e13b-4729-b799-d09cd01cf914/raw","has_download":false,"has_spatial":false,"identifier":"urn:nasa:pds:context_pds3:data_set:data_set.ro-c-cosima-3-v5.0;urn:nasa:pds:context_pds3:data_set:data_set.ro-c-cosima-3-v5.0::1.0","keyword":["__"],"last_harvested_date":"2026-09-09T00:17:21.555414","organization":{"aliases":[""],"code_repo_exempt":false,"code_repo_url":null,"description":null,"id":"f4ca4614-8901-409b-8553-2e994ad10023","logo":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GSA/logo/refs/heads/master/nasa.png","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","organization_type":"Federal Government","slug":"nasa"},"parent_identifier":null,"popularity":1,"publisher":"Small Bodies","slug":"rosetta-orbiter-67p-cosima-3-v5-0-f3b88","spatial_centroid":null,"spatial_shape":null,"theme":["Planetary Science"],"title":"ROSETTA-ORBITER 67P COSIMA 3 V5.0","type":"dataset"},{"_score":3.4487114,"_sort":[1788912889443,3.4487114,2,"f0a9e31a-f5fb-44c8-8a17-22a5228c3246"],"dcat":{"@type":"dcat:Dataset","accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["026:00"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"NASA Space Physics Data Facility","hasEmail":"mailto:NASA-SPDF-Support@nasa.onmicrosoft.com"},"description":"SPAN-E Level 2 Electron Full 3D Spectra Data\n--------------------------------------------\n\nFile Naming Format: psp_swp_spa_sf0_L2_16Ax8Dx32E_YYYYMMDD_v01.cdf\n\nThe SF0 products are the Full 3D Electron spectra from each individual SPAN-E instrument, SPAN-Ae and SPAN-B. Units are in differential energy flux, degrees, and eV. One spectrum comprises decreasing steps in Energy specified by the number in the filename, alternating sweeps in Theta/Deflection, also specified by the number in the filename, and a number of Phi/Anode directions, also specified by the number in the filename. The sample filename above includes 16 Anodes, 8 Deflections, and 32 Energies.\n\nThis data set covers all periods for which the instrument was turned on and taking data in the solar wind in \"Full Sweep\", normal cadence survey mode. This includes maneuvers affecting the spacecraft attitude and orientation. Measurements taken by SPAN-B during cruise phase periods when the spacecraft is pointed away from the sun are taken in sunlight.\n\nParker Solar Probe SWEAP Solar Probe Analyzer, SPAN, Electron Data Release Notes\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nNovember 19, 2019 Initial Data Release\n--------------------------------------\n\nOverview of Measurements\n------------------------\n\nThe SWEAP team is pleased to release the data from Encounter 1 and Encounter 2. The files contain data from the time range October 31, 2018 - June 18, 2019.\n\nThe prime mission of Parker Solar Probe is to take data when within 0.25 AU of the Sun during its orbit. However, there has been some extended campaign measurements outside of this distance. The data are available for those days that are within 0.25 AU as well as those days when the instruments were operational outside of 0.25 AU.\n\nEach SWEAP data file includes a set of a particular type of measurements over a single observing day. Measurements are provided in Common Data Format (CDF), a self-documenting data framework for which convenient open source tools exist across most scientific computing platforms. Users are strongly encouraged to consult the global metadata in each file, and the metadata that are linked to each variable. The metadata includes comprehensive listings of relevant information, including units, coordinate systems, qualitative descriptions, measurement uncertainties, methodologies, links to further documentation, and so forth.\n\nSPAN-E Level 2 Version 01 Release Notes\n---------------------------------------\n\nThe SPAN-Ae and SPAN-B instruments together have fields of view covering >90% of the sky; major obstructions to the FOV include the spacecraft heat shield and other intrusions by spacecraft components. Each individual SPAN-E has FOV of \u00b160\u00b0 in Theta and 240\u00b0 in Phi. The rotation matrices to convert into the spacecraft frame can be found in the individual CDF files, or in the instrument paper.\n\nThis data set covers all periods for which the instrument was turned on and taking data in the solar wind in ion mode. This includes maneuvers affecting the spacecraft attitude and orientation. Measurements taken by SPAN-B when the spacecraft is pointed away from the sun are taken in sunlight.\n\nThe data quality flags for the SPAN data can be found in the CDF files as: QUALITY_FLAG (0=good, 1=bad)\n\nGeneral Remarks for Version 01 Data\n-----------------------------------\n\nUsers interested in field-aligned electrons should take care regarding potential blockages from the heat shield when B is near radial, especially in SPAN-Ae. Artificial reductions in strahl width can result.\n\nDue to the relatively high electron temperature in the inner heliosphere, many secondary electrons are generated from spacecraft and instrument surfaces. As a result, electron measurements in this release below 30 eV are not advised for scientific analysis.\n\nThe fields of view in SPAN-Ae and SPAN-B have many intrusions by the spacecraft, and erroneous pixels discovered in analysis, in particular near the edges of the FOV, should be viewed with skepticism. Details on FOV intrusion are found in the instrument paper, forthcoming, or by contacting the SPAN-E instrument scientist.\n\nThe instrument mechanical attentuators are engaged during the eight days around perihelia 1 and perihelia 2, which results in a factor of about 10 reduction of the total electron flux into the instrument. During these eight days, halo electron measurements are artificially enhanced in the L2 products as a result of the reduced instrument geometric factor and subsequent ground corrections.\n\nA general note for Encounter 1 and Encounter 2 data: a miscalculation in the deflection tables loaded to both SPAN-Ae and SPAN-B resulted in over-deflection of the outermost Theta angles during these encounters. As such, pixels at large Thetas should be ignored. This error was corrected by a table upload prior to Encounter 3.\n\nLastly, when viewing time gaps in the SPAN-E measurements, be advised that the first data point produced by the instrument after a power-on is the maximum value permitted by internal instrument counters. Therefore, the first data point after powerup is erroneous and should be discarded, as indicated by quality flags.\n\nSPAN-E Encounter 1 Remarks\n--------------------------\n\nSPAN-E operated nominally for the majority of the first encounter. Exceptions to this include: a few instances of corrupted, higher-energy sweep tables, and an instrument commanding error for the two hours surrounding perihelion 1. These and other instrument diagnostic tests are indicated with the QUALITY_FLAG variable in the CDFs.\n\nThe mechanical attentuator was engaged for the 8 days around perihelion 1: as a result the microchannel plate, MCP, noise due to thermal effects and cosmic rays are artificially enhanced and are particularly obvious at higher energies. Exercise caution with this data release if looking for halo electrons when the mechanical attenuator is engaged.\n\nSPAN-E Cruise Phase Remarks\n---------------------------\n\nThe cruise mode rates of SPAN-E are greatly reduced compared to the encounter mode rates. When the PSP spacecraft is in a communications slew, the SPAN-B instrument occasionally reaches its maximum allowable operating temperature and is powered off by SWEM.\n\nTiming for the SF1 products in cruise phase is not corrected in v01, and thus it is not advised to use the data at this time for scientific analysis. The typical return of SF0 products is one spectrum out of every 32 survey spectra is returned every 15 minutes or so. One out of every four 27.75 s SF1 spectra is produced every 111 s.\n\nSPAN-E Encounter 2 Remarks\n--------------------------\n\nSPAN-E operated nominally for the majority of the second encounter. Exceptions include instrument diagnostic and health checks and a few instances of corrupted high-energy sweep tables. These tests and corrupted table loads are indicated with the QUALITY_FLAG parameter.\n\nThe mechanical attentuator was engaged for the 8 days around perihelion 2: as a result the MCP noise due to thermal effects and cosmic rays are artificially enhanced and are particularly obvious at higher energies. Exercise caution in this data release if looking for halo electrons when the mechanical attenuator is engaged.\n\nParker Solar Probe SWEAP Rules of the Road\n------------------------------------------\n\nAs part of the development of collaboration with the broader Heliophysics community, the mission has drafted a \"Rules of the Road\" to govern how PSP instrument data are to be used.\n\n* 1) Users should consult with the PI to discuss the appropriate use of instrument data or model results and to ensure that the users are accessing the most recently available versions of the data and of the analysis routines. Instrument team Science Operations Centers, SOCs, and/or Virtual Observatories, VOs, should facilitate this process serving as the contact point between PI and users in most cases.\n\n* 2) Users should heed the caveats of investigators to the interpretations and limitations of data or model results. Investigators supplying data or models may insist that such caveats be published. Data and model version numbers should also be specified.\n\n* 3) Browse products, Quicklook, and Planning data are not intended for science analysis or publication and should not be used for those purposes without consent of the PI.\n\n* 4) Users should acknowledge the sources of data used in all publications, presentations, and reports: \"We acknowledge the NASA Parker Solar Probe Mission and the SWEAP team led by J. Kasper for use of data.\".\n\n* 5) Users are encouraged to provide the PI a copy of each manuscript that uses the PI data prior to submission of that manuscript for consideration of publication. On publication, the citation should be transmitted to the PI and any other providers of data.","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"ftps://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/psp/sweap/spe/l2/spa_sf0_16ax8dx32e/","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/eval2.cgi?dataset=PSP_SWP_SPA_SF0_L2_16AX8DX32E&index=sp_phys","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/hapi","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-015-0206-3","format":"HTML","mediaType":"text/html"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://helio.data.nasa.gov/dataset/ParkerSolarProbe_SWEAP_SPAN-A_Level2_ElectronsFull3D_PT14S","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://hpde.io/NASA/NumericalData/ParkerSolarProbe/SWEAP/SPAN-A/Level2/ElectronsFull3D/PT14S","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/psp/sweap/spe/l2/spa_sf0_16ax8dx32e/","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://sweap.cfa.harvard.edu","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://sweap.cfa.harvard.edu/Data.html","format":"HTML","mediaType":"text/html"}],"identifier":"https://doi.org/10.48322/7j5c-zg65","keyword":["instrumentstatus","thermalplasma"],"landingPage":"https://doi.org/10.48322/7j5c-zg65","license":"https://www.usa.gov/government-works","modified":"2026-09-08","programCode":["026:000"],"publisher":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"SPDF"},"theme":["Heliophysics"],"title":"PSP Solar Wind Electrons Alphas and Protons (SWEAP) SPAN-A Full 3D Electron Spectra, Level 2 (L2), 14 s Data"},"description":"SPAN-E Level 2 Electron Full 3D Spectra Data\n--------------------------------------------\n\nFile Naming Format: psp_swp_spa_sf0_L2_16Ax8Dx32E_YYYYMMDD_v01.cdf\n\nThe SF0 products are the Full 3D Electron spectra from each individual SPAN-E instrument, SPAN-Ae and SPAN-B. Units are in differential energy flux, degrees, and eV. One spectrum comprises decreasing steps in Energy specified by the number in the filename, alternating sweeps in Theta/Deflection, also specified by the number in the filename, and a number of Phi/Anode directions, also specified by the number in the filename. The sample filename above includes 16 Anodes, 8 Deflections, and 32 Energies.\n\nThis data set covers all periods for which the instrument was turned on and taking data in the solar wind in \"Full Sweep\", normal cadence survey mode. This includes maneuvers affecting the spacecraft attitude and orientation. Measurements taken by SPAN-B during cruise phase periods when the spacecraft is pointed away from the sun are taken in sunlight.\n\nParker Solar Probe SWEAP Solar Probe Analyzer, SPAN, Electron Data Release Notes\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nNovember 19, 2019 Initial Data Release\n--------------------------------------\n\nOverview of Measurements\n------------------------\n\nThe SWEAP team is pleased to release the data from Encounter 1 and Encounter 2. The files contain data from the time range October 31, 2018 - June 18, 2019.\n\nThe prime mission of Parker Solar Probe is to take data when within 0.25 AU of the Sun during its orbit. However, there has been some extended campaign measurements outside of this distance. The data are available for those days that are within 0.25 AU as well as those days when the instruments were operational outside of 0.25 AU.\n\nEach SWEAP data file includes a set of a particular type of measurements over a single observing day. Measurements are provided in Common Data Format (CDF), a self-documenting data framework for which convenient open source tools exist across most scientific computing platforms. Users are strongly encouraged to consult the global metadata in each file, and the metadata that are linked to each variable. The metadata includes comprehensive listings of relevant information, including units, coordinate systems, qualitative descriptions, measurement uncertainties, methodologies, links to further documentation, and so forth.\n\nSPAN-E Level 2 Version 01 Release Notes\n---------------------------------------\n\nThe SPAN-Ae and SPAN-B instruments together have fields of view covering >90% of the sky; major obstructions to the FOV include the spacecraft heat shield and other intrusions by spacecraft components. Each individual SPAN-E has FOV of \u00b160\u00b0 in Theta and 240\u00b0 in Phi. The rotation matrices to convert into the spacecraft frame can be found in the individual CDF files, or in the instrument paper.\n\nThis data set covers all periods for which the instrument was turned on and taking data in the solar wind in ion mode. This includes maneuvers affecting the spacecraft attitude and orientation. Measurements taken by SPAN-B when the spacecraft is pointed away from the sun are taken in sunlight.\n\nThe data quality flags for the SPAN data can be found in the CDF files as: QUALITY_FLAG (0=good, 1=bad)\n\nGeneral Remarks for Version 01 Data\n-----------------------------------\n\nUsers interested in field-aligned electrons should take care regarding potential blockages from the heat shield when B is near radial, especially in SPAN-Ae. Artificial reductions in strahl width can result.\n\nDue to the relatively high electron temperature in the inner heliosphere, many secondary electrons are generated from spacecraft and instrument surfaces. As a result, electron measurements in this release below 30 eV are not advised for scientific analysis.\n\nThe fields of view in SPAN-Ae and SPAN-B have many intrusions by the spacecraft, and erroneous pixels discovered in analysis, in particular near the edges of the FOV, should be viewed with skepticism. Details on FOV intrusion are found in the instrument paper, forthcoming, or by contacting the SPAN-E instrument scientist.\n\nThe instrument mechanical attentuators are engaged during the eight days around perihelia 1 and perihelia 2, which results in a factor of about 10 reduction of the total electron flux into the instrument. During these eight days, halo electron measurements are artificially enhanced in the L2 products as a result of the reduced instrument geometric factor and subsequent ground corrections.\n\nA general note for Encounter 1 and Encounter 2 data: a miscalculation in the deflection tables loaded to both SPAN-Ae and SPAN-B resulted in over-deflection of the outermost Theta angles during these encounters. As such, pixels at large Thetas should be ignored. This error was corrected by a table upload prior to Encounter 3.\n\nLastly, when viewing time gaps in the SPAN-E measurements, be advised that the first data point produced by the instrument after a power-on is the maximum value permitted by internal instrument counters. Therefore, the first data point after powerup is erroneous and should be discarded, as indicated by quality flags.\n\nSPAN-E Encounter 1 Remarks\n--------------------------\n\nSPAN-E operated nominally for the majority of the first encounter. Exceptions to this include: a few instances of corrupted, higher-energy sweep tables, and an instrument commanding error for the two hours surrounding perihelion 1. These and other instrument diagnostic tests are indicated with the QUALITY_FLAG variable in the CDFs.\n\nThe mechanical attentuator was engaged for the 8 days around perihelion 1: as a result the microchannel plate, MCP, noise due to thermal effects and cosmic rays are artificially enhanced and are particularly obvious at higher energies. Exercise caution with this data release if looking for halo electrons when the mechanical attenuator is engaged.\n\nSPAN-E Cruise Phase Remarks\n---------------------------\n\nThe cruise mode rates of SPAN-E are greatly reduced compared to the encounter mode rates. When the PSP spacecraft is in a communications slew, the SPAN-B instrument occasionally reaches its maximum allowable operating temperature and is powered off by SWEM.\n\nTiming for the SF1 products in cruise phase is not corrected in v01, and thus it is not advised to use the data at this time for scientific analysis. The typical return of SF0 products is one spectrum out of every 32 survey spectra is returned every 15 minutes or so. One out of every four 27.75 s SF1 spectra is produced every 111 s.\n\nSPAN-E Encounter 2 Remarks\n--------------------------\n\nSPAN-E operated nominally for the majority of the second encounter. Exceptions include instrument diagnostic and health checks and a few instances of corrupted high-energy sweep tables. These tests and corrupted table loads are indicated with the QUALITY_FLAG parameter.\n\nThe mechanical attentuator was engaged for the 8 days around perihelion 2: as a result the MCP noise due to thermal effects and cosmic rays are artificially enhanced and are particularly obvious at higher energies. Exercise caution in this data release if looking for halo electrons when the mechanical attenuator is engaged.\n\nParker Solar Probe SWEAP Rules of the Road\n------------------------------------------\n\nAs part of the development of collaboration with the broader Heliophysics community, the mission has drafted a \"Rules of the Road\" to govern how PSP instrument data are to be used.\n\n* 1) Users should consult with the PI to discuss the appropriate use of instrument data or model results and to ensure that the users are accessing the most recently available versions of the data and of the analysis routines. Instrument team Science Operations Centers, SOCs, and/or Virtual Observatories, VOs, should facilitate this process serving as the contact point between PI and users in most cases.\n\n* 2) Users should heed the caveats of investigators to the interpretations and limitations of data or model results. Investigators supplying data or models may insist that such caveats be published. Data and model version numbers should also be specified.\n\n* 3) Browse products, Quicklook, and Planning data are not intended for science analysis or publication and should not be used for those purposes without consent of the PI.\n\n* 4) Users should acknowledge the sources of data used in all publications, presentations, and reports: \"We acknowledge the NASA Parker Solar Probe Mission and the SWEAP team led by J. Kasper for use of data.\".\n\n* 5) Users are encouraged to provide the PI a copy of each manuscript that uses the PI data prior to submission of that manuscript for consideration of publication. 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The units are differential energy flux and eV. The sample filename above includes 32 Energies.\n\nThe larger Theta angles (deflection angles) are artificially enhanced in the \"sf1\" energy spectra data products due to the method of spectra production on the SPAN-E instrument (straight summing). Thus, SF1 energy spectra are not recommended for rigid statistical analysis.\n\nParker Solar Probe SWEAP Solar Probe Analyzer, SPAN, Electron Data Release Notes\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nNovember 19, 2019 Initial Data Release\n--------------------------------------\n\nOverview of Measurements\n------------------------\n\nThe SWEAP team is pleased to release the data from Encounter 1 and Encounter 2. The files contain data from the time range October 31, 2018 - June 18, 2019.\n\nThe prime mission of Parker Solar Probe is to take data when within 0.25 AU of the Sun during its orbit. However, there has been some extended campaign measurements outside of this distance. The data are available for those days that are within 0.25 AU as well as those days when the instruments were operational outside of 0.25 AU.\n\nEach SWEAP data file includes a set of a particular type of measurements over a single observing day. Measurements are provided in Common Data Format (CDF), a self-documenting data framework for which convenient open source tools exist across most scientific computing platforms. Users are strongly encouraged to consult the global metadata in each file, and the metadata that are linked to each variable. The metadata includes comprehensive listings of relevant information, including units, coordinate systems, qualitative descriptions, measurement uncertainties, methodologies, links to further documentation, and so forth.\n\nSPAN-E Level 2 Version 01 Release Notes\n---------------------------------------\n\nThe SPAN-Ae and SPAN-B instruments together have fields of view covering >90% of the sky; major obstructions to the FOV include the spacecraft heat shield and other intrusions by spacecraft components. Each individual SPAN-E has FOV of \u00b160\u00b0 in Theta and 240\u00b0 in Phi. The rotation matrices to convert into the spacecraft frame can be found in the individual CDF files, or in the instrument paper.\n\nThis data set covers all periods for which the instrument was turned on and taking data in the solar wind in ion mode. This includes maneuvers affecting the spacecraft attitude and orientation. Measurements taken by SPAN-B when the spacecraft is pointed away from the sun are taken in sunlight.\n\nThe data quality flags for the SPAN data can be found in the CDF files as: QUALITY_FLAG (0=good, 1=bad)\n\nGeneral Remarks for Version 01 Data\n-----------------------------------\n\nUsers interested in field-aligned electrons should take care regarding potential blockages from the heat shield when B is near radial, especially in SPAN-Ae. Artificial reductions in strahl width can result.\n\nDue to the relatively high electron temperature in the inner heliosphere, many secondary electrons are generated from spacecraft and instrument surfaces. As a result, electron measurements in this release below 30 eV are not advised for scientific analysis.\n\nThe fields of view in SPAN-Ae and SPAN-B have many intrusions by the spacecraft, and erroneous pixels discovered in analysis, in particular near the edges of the FOV, should be viewed with skepticism. Details on FOV intrusion are found in the instrument paper, forthcoming, or by contacting the SPAN-E instrument scientist.\n\nThe instrument mechanical attentuators are engaged during the eight days around perihelia 1 and perihelia 2, which results in a factor of about 10 reduction of the total electron flux into the instrument. During these eight days, halo electron measurements are artificially enhanced in the L2 products as a result of the reduced instrument geometric factor and subsequent ground corrections.\n\nA general note for Encounter 1 and Encounter 2 data: a miscalculation in the deflection tables loaded to both SPAN-Ae and SPAN-B resulted in over-deflection of the outermost Theta angles during these encounters. As such, pixels at large Thetas should be ignored. This error was corrected by a table upload prior to Encounter 3.\n\nLastly, when viewing time gaps in the SPAN-E measurements, be advised that the first data point produced by the instrument after a power-on is the maximum value permitted by internal instrument counters. Therefore, the first data point after powerup is erroneous and should be discarded, as indicated by quality flags.\n\nSPAN-E Encounter 1 Remarks\n--------------------------\n\nSPAN-E operated nominally for the majority of the first encounter. Exceptions to this include: a few instances of corrupted, higher-energy sweep tables, and an instrument commanding error for the two hours surrounding perihelion 1. These and other instrument diagnostic tests are indicated with the QUALITY_FLAG variable in the CDFs.\n\nThe mechanical attentuator was engaged for the 8 days around perihelion 1: as a result the microchannel plate, MCP, noise due to thermal effects and cosmic rays are artificially enhanced and are particularly obvious at higher energies. Exercise caution with this data release if looking for halo electrons when the mechanical attenuator is engaged.\n\nSPAN-E Cruise Phase Remarks\n---------------------------\n\nThe cruise mode rates of SPAN-E are greatly reduced compared to the encounter mode rates. When the PSP spacecraft is in a communications slew, the SPAN-B instrument occasionally reaches its maximum allowable operating temperature and is powered off by SWEM.\n\nTiming for the SF1 products in cruise phase is not corrected in v01, and thus it is not advised to use the data at this time for scientific analysis. The typical return of SF0 products is one spectrum out of every 32 survey spectra is returned every 15 minutes or so. One out of every four 27.75 s SF1 spectra is produced every 111 s.\n\nSPAN-E Encounter 2 Remarks\n--------------------------\n\nSPAN-E operated nominally for the majority of the second encounter. Exceptions include instrument diagnostic and health checks and a few instances of corrupted high-energy sweep tables. These tests and corrupted table loads are indicated with the QUALITY_FLAG parameter.\n\nThe mechanical attentuator was engaged for the 8 days around perihelion 2: as a result the MCP noise due to thermal effects and cosmic rays are artificially enhanced and are particularly obvious at higher energies. Exercise caution in this data release if looking for halo electrons when the mechanical attenuator is engaged.\n\nParker Solar Probe SWEAP Rules of the Road\n------------------------------------------\n\nAs part of the development of collaboration with the broader Heliophysics community, the mission has drafted a \"Rules of the Road\" to govern how PSP instrument data are to be used.\n\n* 1) Users should consult with the PI to discuss the appropriate use of instrument data or model results and to ensure that the users are accessing the most recently available versions of the data and of the analysis routines. Instrument team Science Operations Centers, SOCs, and/or Virtual Observatories, VOs, should facilitate this process serving as the contact point between PI and users in most cases.\n\n* 2) Users should heed the caveats of investigators to the interpretations and limitations of data or model results. Investigators supplying data or models may insist that such caveats be published. Data and model version numbers should also be specified.\n\n* 3) Browse products, Quicklook, and Planning data are not intended for science analysis or publication and should not be used for those purposes without consent of the PI.\n\n* 4) Users should acknowledge the sources of data used in all publications, presentations, and reports: \"We acknowledge the NASA Parker Solar Probe Mission and the SWEAP team led by J. Kasper for use of data.\".\n\n* 5) Users are encouraged to provide the PI a copy of each manuscript that uses the PI data prior to submission of that manuscript for consideration of publication. 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The units are differential energy flux and eV. The sample filename above includes 32 Energies.\n\nThe larger Theta angles (deflection angles) are artificially enhanced in the \"sf1\" energy spectra data products due to the method of spectra production on the SPAN-E instrument (straight summing). Thus, SF1 energy spectra are not recommended for rigid statistical analysis.\n\nParker Solar Probe SWEAP Solar Probe Analyzer, SPAN, Electron Data Release Notes\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nNovember 19, 2019 Initial Data Release\n--------------------------------------\n\nOverview of Measurements\n------------------------\n\nThe SWEAP team is pleased to release the data from Encounter 1 and Encounter 2. The files contain data from the time range October 31, 2018 - June 18, 2019.\n\nThe prime mission of Parker Solar Probe is to take data when within 0.25 AU of the Sun during its orbit. However, there has been some extended campaign measurements outside of this distance. The data are available for those days that are within 0.25 AU as well as those days when the instruments were operational outside of 0.25 AU.\n\nEach SWEAP data file includes a set of a particular type of measurements over a single observing day. Measurements are provided in Common Data Format (CDF), a self-documenting data framework for which convenient open source tools exist across most scientific computing platforms. Users are strongly encouraged to consult the global metadata in each file, and the metadata that are linked to each variable. The metadata includes comprehensive listings of relevant information, including units, coordinate systems, qualitative descriptions, measurement uncertainties, methodologies, links to further documentation, and so forth.\n\nSPAN-E Level 2 Version 01 Release Notes\n---------------------------------------\n\nThe SPAN-Ae and SPAN-B instruments together have fields of view covering >90% of the sky; major obstructions to the FOV include the spacecraft heat shield and other intrusions by spacecraft components. Each individual SPAN-E has FOV of \u00b160\u00b0 in Theta and 240\u00b0 in Phi. The rotation matrices to convert into the spacecraft frame can be found in the individual CDF files, or in the instrument paper.\n\nThis data set covers all periods for which the instrument was turned on and taking data in the solar wind in ion mode. This includes maneuvers affecting the spacecraft attitude and orientation. Measurements taken by SPAN-B when the spacecraft is pointed away from the sun are taken in sunlight.\n\nThe data quality flags for the SPAN data can be found in the CDF files as: QUALITY_FLAG (0=good, 1=bad)\n\nGeneral Remarks for Version 01 Data\n-----------------------------------\n\nUsers interested in field-aligned electrons should take care regarding potential blockages from the heat shield when B is near radial, especially in SPAN-Ae. Artificial reductions in strahl width can result.\n\nDue to the relatively high electron temperature in the inner heliosphere, many secondary electrons are generated from spacecraft and instrument surfaces. As a result, electron measurements in this release below 30 eV are not advised for scientific analysis.\n\nThe fields of view in SPAN-Ae and SPAN-B have many intrusions by the spacecraft, and erroneous pixels discovered in analysis, in particular near the edges of the FOV, should be viewed with skepticism. Details on FOV intrusion are found in the instrument paper, forthcoming, or by contacting the SPAN-E instrument scientist.\n\nThe instrument mechanical attentuators are engaged during the eight days around perihelia 1 and perihelia 2, which results in a factor of about 10 reduction of the total electron flux into the instrument. During these eight days, halo electron measurements are artificially enhanced in the L2 products as a result of the reduced instrument geometric factor and subsequent ground corrections.\n\nA general note for Encounter 1 and Encounter 2 data: a miscalculation in the deflection tables loaded to both SPAN-Ae and SPAN-B resulted in over-deflection of the outermost Theta angles during these encounters. As such, pixels at large Thetas should be ignored. This error was corrected by a table upload prior to Encounter 3.\n\nLastly, when viewing time gaps in the SPAN-E measurements, be advised that the first data point produced by the instrument after a power-on is the maximum value permitted by internal instrument counters. Therefore, the first data point after powerup is erroneous and should be discarded, as indicated by quality flags.\n\nSPAN-E Encounter 1 Remarks\n--------------------------\n\nSPAN-E operated nominally for the majority of the first encounter. Exceptions to this include: a few instances of corrupted, higher-energy sweep tables, and an instrument commanding error for the two hours surrounding perihelion 1. These and other instrument diagnostic tests are indicated with the QUALITY_FLAG variable in the CDFs.\n\nThe mechanical attentuator was engaged for the 8 days around perihelion 1: as a result the microchannel plate, MCP, noise due to thermal effects and cosmic rays are artificially enhanced and are particularly obvious at higher energies. Exercise caution with this data release if looking for halo electrons when the mechanical attenuator is engaged.\n\nSPAN-E Cruise Phase Remarks\n---------------------------\n\nThe cruise mode rates of SPAN-E are greatly reduced compared to the encounter mode rates. When the PSP spacecraft is in a communications slew, the SPAN-B instrument occasionally reaches its maximum allowable operating temperature and is powered off by SWEM.\n\nTiming for the SF1 products in cruise phase is not corrected in v01, and thus it is not advised to use the data at this time for scientific analysis. The typical return of SF0 products is one spectrum out of every 32 survey spectra is returned every 15 minutes or so. One out of every four 27.75 s SF1 spectra is produced every 111 s.\n\nSPAN-E Encounter 2 Remarks\n--------------------------\n\nSPAN-E operated nominally for the majority of the second encounter. Exceptions include instrument diagnostic and health checks and a few instances of corrupted high-energy sweep tables. These tests and corrupted table loads are indicated with the QUALITY_FLAG parameter.\n\nThe mechanical attentuator was engaged for the 8 days around perihelion 2: as a result the MCP noise due to thermal effects and cosmic rays are artificially enhanced and are particularly obvious at higher energies. Exercise caution in this data release if looking for halo electrons when the mechanical attenuator is engaged.\n\nParker Solar Probe SWEAP Rules of the Road\n------------------------------------------\n\nAs part of the development of collaboration with the broader Heliophysics community, the mission has drafted a \"Rules of the Road\" to govern how PSP instrument data are to be used.\n\n* 1) Users should consult with the PI to discuss the appropriate use of instrument data or model results and to ensure that the users are accessing the most recently available versions of the data and of the analysis routines. Instrument team Science Operations Centers, SOCs, and/or Virtual Observatories, VOs, should facilitate this process serving as the contact point between PI and users in most cases.\n\n* 2) Users should heed the caveats of investigators to the interpretations and limitations of data or model results. Investigators supplying data or models may insist that such caveats be published. 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The release of cytokines and chemokines by cultured alveolar epithelial cells and monocytes stimulated by PM2.5 samples collected over time periods as short as 30 minutes was detectable and responsive to PM2.5 samples of different chemical compositions. Results obtained from the bioassay system in both cell types were reproducible and of sufficient precision to allow detection of differences between PM2.5 samples collected over short time intervals. \r\n\r\nThe Baltimore Supersite collected high-quality ambient air quality measurements with unprecedented temporal resolution at industrially influenced urban sites from August of 2001 to November of 2002 with two intensive measurement campaigns. A data set of project results was constructed to take advantage of advanced multivariate statistical techniques. 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This data set contains measurements taken from six meteorological instruments operated at the Fresno supersite from May 24, 2000 to December 31, 2006. The ambient temperature was measured by a Met One Instruments aspirated thermistor, Model 060A-2. The barometric pressure was measured by a Met One pressure transducer, Model 090D. The relative humidity was measured by a Met One aspirated thin film capacitor, Model 083V. The solar radiation was measured by a LI-COR Inc. pyranometer, Model LI-200SA. The wind speed was measured by a Met One Instruments 3-cup anemometer, Model 010-SC. The wind direction was measured by a Met One Instruments High-Sensitivity wind vane, Model 025-5C. All six instruments reported 5 minute samples.\r\n\r\nThe Fresno Supersite is one of several Supersites established in urban areas within the United States by the EPA to better understand the measurement, sources, and health effects of suspended particulate matter (PM). 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The overall objective of the Los Angeles Super Site in Southern California Particle Center and Supersite (SCPCS) is to conduct monitoring and research that contributes to a better understanding of the measurement, sources, size distribution, chemical composition and physical state, spatial and temporal variability, and linkages to health effects of airborne particulate matter in the Los Angeles Basin.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. EPA Particulate Matter (PM) Super Sites Program was an ambient air monitoring research program designed to provide information of value to the atmospheric sciences, and human health and exposure research communities. 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The main collaborators were the Environmental Technology Centre of the Environmental Protection Service and the Chemistry Department of the University of Toronto. The breadth of the study also necessitated that many other organizations provide support, such as the Greater Vancouver Regional District, the Pacific Environmental Science Centre and the Ontario Ministry of the Environment. North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO), which has since disbanded, was a public/private partnership, whose membership spanned across government, utilities, industry, and academe throughout Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The primary mission was to coordinate and enhance policy-relevant scientific research and assessment of tropospheric pollution behavior; activities provide input for science-based decision-making and determination of workable, efficient, and effective strategies for local and regional air-pollution management. 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Data collection for this product is ongoing.\r\n\r\nIn the troposphere, ozone is considered a pollutant and is important to understand due to its harmful effects on human health and vegetation. Tropospheric ozone is also significant for its impact on climate as a greenhouse gas. Operating since 2011, TOLNet is an interagency collaboration between NASA, NOAA, and the EPA designed to perform studies of air quality and atmospheric modeling as well as validation and interpretation of satellite observations. TOLNet is currently comprised of seven Differential Absorption Lidars (DIAL). Each of the lidars are unique, and some have had a long history of ozone observations prior to joining the network. Five lidars are mobile systems that can be deployed at remote locations to support field campaigns. This includes the Langley Mobile Ozone Lidar (LMOL) at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), the Tropospheric Ozone (TROPOZ) lidar at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), the Tunable Optical Profile for Aerosol and oZone (TOPAZ) lidar at the NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL) in Boulder, Colorado, the Autonomous Mobile Ozone LIDAR instrument for Tropospheric Experiments (AMOLITE) lidar at Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) in Toronto, Canada, and the Rocket-city O3 Quality Evaluation in the Troposphere (RO3QET) lidar at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, Alabama. The remaining lidars, the Table Mountain Facility (TMF) tropospheric ozone lidar system located at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and City College of New York (CCNY) New York Tropospheric Ozone Lidar System (NYTOLS) are fixed systems.\r\n\r\nTOLNet seeks to address three science objectives. The primary objective of the network is to provide high spatio-temporal measurements of ozone from near the surface to the top of the troposphere. Detailed observations of ozone structure allow science teams and the modeling community to better understand ozone in the lower-atmosphere and to assess the accuracy and vertical resolution with which geosynchronous instruments could retrieve the observed laminar ozone structures. Another objective of TOLNet is to identify an ozone lidar instrument design that would be suitable to address the needs of NASA, NOAA, and EPA air quality scientists who express a desire for these ozone profiles. The third objective of TOLNET is to perform basic scientific research into the processes create and destroy the ubiquitously observed ozone laminae and other ozone features in the troposphere. To help fulfill these objectives, lidars that are a part of TOLNet have been deployed to support nearly ten campaigns thus far. This includes campaigns such as the Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) mission, the Korea United States Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ), the Tracking Aerosol Convection ExpeRiment \u2013 Air Quality (TRACER-AQ) campaign, the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry \u00c9xperiment (FRAPP\u00c9), the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS), and the Ozone Water\u2013Land Environmental Transition Study (OWLETS).","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","conformsTo":"http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmi","description":"The metadata's original source.","downloadURL":"https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/concepts/C3880797903-LARC_CLOUD.iso19115","format":"ISO","mediaType":"text/xml","title":"Original Metadata"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/citing-data","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/outreach-material/introduction-to-tolnet-storymap","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/outreach-material/tolnet-stratospheric-intrusion-storymap","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/wagdocuments/473/TOLNet_Lidars_and_Corresponding_Campaigns.docx","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/virtual-directory/collections/C3880797903-LARC_CLOUD","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-10-05043.1","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-10-05044.1","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.41.007550","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.5067/Lidar/Ozone/TOLNet/UAH","format":"HTML","mediaType":"text/html"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3865-2017","format":"HTML","mediaType":"text/html"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-801-2013","format":"HTML","mediaType":"text/html"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3529-2014","format":"HTML","mediaType":"text/html"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.52.003557","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/granules?p=C3880797903-LARC_CLOUD","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://tolnet.larc.nasa.gov/","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"}],"identifier":"10.5067/Lidar/Ozone/TOLNet/UAH","keyword":["earth-science-air-quality-atmosphere-tropospheric-ozone","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-oxygen-compounds","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-trace-gases-trace-species","earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere","earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere"],"license":"https://www.usa.gov/government-works","modified":"2026-09-08","programCode":["026:000"],"publisher":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"NASA/LARC/SD/ASDC"},"spatial":"[\"CARTESIAN\", [{\"WestBoundingCoordinate\": -88.15, \"EastBoundingCoordinate\": -86.6, \"SouthBoundingCoordinate\": 30.25, \"NorthBoundingCoordinate\": 42.505}]], Maximum Altitude, 15.2 km","temporal":"2009-06-29/2026-08-31","theme":["Earth Science"],"title":"TOLNet University of Alabama in Huntsville Data"},"description":"TOLNet_UAH_Data is the lidar data collected by the Rocket-city O3 Quality Evaluation in the Troposphere (RO3QET) lidar at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, Alabama as part of the Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet). Data collection for this product is ongoing.\r\n\r\nIn the troposphere, ozone is considered a pollutant and is important to understand due to its harmful effects on human health and vegetation. Tropospheric ozone is also significant for its impact on climate as a greenhouse gas. Operating since 2011, TOLNet is an interagency collaboration between NASA, NOAA, and the EPA designed to perform studies of air quality and atmospheric modeling as well as validation and interpretation of satellite observations. TOLNet is currently comprised of seven Differential Absorption Lidars (DIAL). Each of the lidars are unique, and some have had a long history of ozone observations prior to joining the network. Five lidars are mobile systems that can be deployed at remote locations to support field campaigns. This includes the Langley Mobile Ozone Lidar (LMOL) at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), the Tropospheric Ozone (TROPOZ) lidar at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), the Tunable Optical Profile for Aerosol and oZone (TOPAZ) lidar at the NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL) in Boulder, Colorado, the Autonomous Mobile Ozone LIDAR instrument for Tropospheric Experiments (AMOLITE) lidar at Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) in Toronto, Canada, and the Rocket-city O3 Quality Evaluation in the Troposphere (RO3QET) lidar at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, Alabama. The remaining lidars, the Table Mountain Facility (TMF) tropospheric ozone lidar system located at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and City College of New York (CCNY) New York Tropospheric Ozone Lidar System (NYTOLS) are fixed systems.\r\n\r\nTOLNet seeks to address three science objectives. The primary objective of the network is to provide high spatio-temporal measurements of ozone from near the surface to the top of the troposphere. Detailed observations of ozone structure allow science teams and the modeling community to better understand ozone in the lower-atmosphere and to assess the accuracy and vertical resolution with which geosynchronous instruments could retrieve the observed laminar ozone structures. Another objective of TOLNet is to identify an ozone lidar instrument design that would be suitable to address the needs of NASA, NOAA, and EPA air quality scientists who express a desire for these ozone profiles. The third objective of TOLNET is to perform basic scientific research into the processes create and destroy the ubiquitously observed ozone laminae and other ozone features in the troposphere. To help fulfill these objectives, lidars that are a part of TOLNet have been deployed to support nearly ten campaigns thus far. This includes campaigns such as the Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) mission, the Korea United States Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ), the Tracking Aerosol Convection ExpeRiment \u2013 Air Quality (TRACER-AQ) campaign, the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry \u00c9xperiment (FRAPP\u00c9), the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS), and the Ozone Water\u2013Land Environmental Transition Study (OWLETS).","distribution_titles":["Original Metadata"],"harvest_record":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/a953776f-c65f-4a45-aaa7-6f2d4f9774cd","harvest_record_raw":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/a953776f-c65f-4a45-aaa7-6f2d4f9774cd/raw","has_download":true,"has_spatial":true,"identifier":"10.5067/Lidar/Ozone/TOLNet/UAH","keyword":["earth-science-air-quality-atmosphere-tropospheric-ozone","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-oxygen-compounds","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-trace-gases-trace-species","earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere","earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere"],"last_harvested_date":"2026-09-09T00:01:06.297813","organization":{"aliases":[""],"code_repo_exempt":false,"code_repo_url":null,"description":null,"id":"f4ca4614-8901-409b-8553-2e994ad10023","logo":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GSA/logo/refs/heads/master/nasa.png","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","organization_type":"Federal Government","slug":"nasa"},"parent_identifier":null,"popularity":1,"publisher":"NASA/LARC/SD/ASDC","slug":"tolnet-university-of-alabama-in-huntsville-data","spatial_centroid":null,"spatial_shape":null,"theme":["Earth Science"],"title":"TOLNet University of Alabama in Huntsville Data","type":"dataset"},{"_score":9.62188,"_sort":[1788911945072,9.62188,5,"7c10fafb-a869-4cd8-a1a0-bcffcc3df6cf"],"dcat":{"@type":"dcat:Dataset","accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["026:00"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Earthdata Forum","hasEmail":"mailto:earthdata-support@nasa.gov"},"description":"The purpose of this study was to develop alternatives to ground-based measurements in order to obtain information required to predict the effects of soil and land use on the fluxes of greenhouse gases, the surface energy balance, and the water balance. Satellite-based algorithms have been developed via flux measurements from an aircraft to estimate vegetation and soil conditions on a regional scale. The purpose of the Twin Otter FIFE flights was to make measurements in the boundary layer of the fluxes of sensible and latent heat, momentum, and carbon dioxide, plus supporting meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and direction. Aircraft position, heading, and altitude were also recorded, as were several radiometric observations for use in interpretation of these data. The Twin Otter aircraft allows steady flight trajectories at low airspeed (50-60 [m][sec^-1]) down to levels less than 10 m above the ground. The aircraft is instrumented to measure the contribution of flux densities of momentum, sensible, and latent heat, and CO2 over a frequency range of 0 to 5 Hz (MacPherson et al., 1981).  All the flux measurements were obtained with the eddy-correlation method, wherein the aircraft is equipped with an inertial platform, accelerometers, and a gust probe for measurement of earth-relative gusts in the x, y, and z directions. Gusts in these dimensions are then correlated with each other for momentum fluxes and with fluctuations in other variables to obtain the various scalar fluxes, such as temperature (for sensible heat flux) and water vapor mixing ratio (for latent heat flux). The fluctuations in all variables were calculated with three different methods (the arithmetic means removed, the linear trends removed, or filtered with a high-pass recursive filter) prior to the eddy correlation calculations. This data set contains data that were high-pass filtered with a third order algorithm with a break point set at 0.012 Hz (5 km wavelength).  Through this research, it is hoped that techniques can be developed to utilize satellite data for global monitoring of crop health and climate change","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","conformsTo":"http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmi","description":"The metadata's original source.","downloadURL":"https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/concepts/C2968516479-ORNL_CLOUD.iso19115","format":"ISO","mediaType":"text/xml","title":"Original Metadata"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://daac.ornl.gov/graphics/browse/project/square/fife_logo_square.png","format":"PNG","mediaType":"image/png"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.ornldaac.earthdata.nasa.gov/protected/bundle/fife_AF_filtr_nae_6.zip","format":"ZIP","mediaType":"application/zip"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.ornldaac.earthdata.nasa.gov/public/fife/fife_AF_filtr_nae/comp/af_filtr.tdf","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.ornldaac.earthdata.nasa.gov/public/fife/fife_AF_filtr_nae/comp/aflux_mc.doc","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.ornldaac.earthdata.nasa.gov/public/fife/fife_AF_filtr_nae/comp/air_flux_filt_nrcc.pdf","format":"PDF","mediaType":"application/pdf"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/6","format":"HTML","mediaType":"text/html"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/granules?p=C2968516479-ORNL_CLOUD","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"}],"identifier":"10.3334/ORNLDAAC/6","keyword":["earth-science-altitude-atmosphere-barometric-altitude","earth-science-altitude-atmosphere-geopotential-height","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds","earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-atmospheric-pressure-measurements","earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-heat-flux","earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-solar-irradiance","earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature","earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere","earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators","earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds","earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-upper-level-winds","earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover"],"license":"https://www.usa.gov/government-works","modified":"2026-09-08","programCode":["026:000"],"publisher":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"ORNL_DAAC"},"spatial":"[\"CARTESIAN\", [{\"WestBoundingCoordinate\": -102.0, \"NorthBoundingCoordinate\": 40.0, \"EastBoundingCoordinate\": -95.0, \"SouthBoundingCoordinate\": 37.0}]]","temporal":"1987-06-26/1989-10-31","theme":["Earth Science"],"title":"Aircraft Flux-Filtered: NRCC (FIFE)"},"description":"The purpose of this study was to develop alternatives to ground-based measurements in order to obtain information required to predict the effects of soil and land use on the fluxes of greenhouse gases, the surface energy balance, and the water balance. Satellite-based algorithms have been developed via flux measurements from an aircraft to estimate vegetation and soil conditions on a regional scale. The purpose of the Twin Otter FIFE flights was to make measurements in the boundary layer of the fluxes of sensible and latent heat, momentum, and carbon dioxide, plus supporting meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and direction. Aircraft position, heading, and altitude were also recorded, as were several radiometric observations for use in interpretation of these data. The Twin Otter aircraft allows steady flight trajectories at low airspeed (50-60 [m][sec^-1]) down to levels less than 10 m above the ground. The aircraft is instrumented to measure the contribution of flux densities of momentum, sensible, and latent heat, and CO2 over a frequency range of 0 to 5 Hz (MacPherson et al., 1981).  All the flux measurements were obtained with the eddy-correlation method, wherein the aircraft is equipped with an inertial platform, accelerometers, and a gust probe for measurement of earth-relative gusts in the x, y, and z directions. Gusts in these dimensions are then correlated with each other for momentum fluxes and with fluctuations in other variables to obtain the various scalar fluxes, such as temperature (for sensible heat flux) and water vapor mixing ratio (for latent heat flux). The fluctuations in all variables were calculated with three different methods (the arithmetic means removed, the linear trends removed, or filtered with a high-pass recursive filter) prior to the eddy correlation calculations. This data set contains data that were high-pass filtered with a third order algorithm with a break point set at 0.012 Hz (5 km wavelength).  Through this research, it is hoped that techniques can be developed to utilize satellite data for global monitoring of crop health and climate change","distribution_titles":["Original Metadata"],"harvest_record":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/228b84cc-c1e5-4130-bca0-4e43f8458902","harvest_record_raw":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/228b84cc-c1e5-4130-bca0-4e43f8458902/raw","has_download":true,"has_spatial":true,"identifier":"10.3334/ORNLDAAC/6","keyword":["earth-science-altitude-atmosphere-barometric-altitude","earth-science-altitude-atmosphere-geopotential-height","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds","earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-atmospheric-pressure-measurements","earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-heat-flux","earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-solar-irradiance","earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature","earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere","earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators","earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds","earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-upper-level-winds","earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover"],"last_harvested_date":"2026-09-08T23:59:05.072239","organization":{"aliases":[""],"code_repo_exempt":false,"code_repo_url":null,"description":null,"id":"f4ca4614-8901-409b-8553-2e994ad10023","logo":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GSA/logo/refs/heads/master/nasa.png","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","organization_type":"Federal Government","slug":"nasa"},"parent_identifier":null,"popularity":5,"publisher":"ORNL_DAAC","slug":"aircraft-flux-filtered-nrcc-fife","spatial_centroid":null,"spatial_shape":null,"theme":["Earth Science"],"title":"Aircraft Flux-Filtered: NRCC (FIFE)","type":"dataset"},{"_score":7.3015194,"_sort":[1788911914690,7.3015194,2,"db02e83c-0308-43c1-b4dd-f0b4efd28ce1"],"dcat":{"@type":"dcat:Dataset","accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["026:00"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Earthdata Forum","hasEmail":"mailto:earthdata-support@nasa.gov"},"description":"MAPS Overview The MAPS experiment measures the global distribution of carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratios in the free troposphere. Because of MAPS' previous flights on board the Space Shuttle, Earth system scientists now know that carbon monoxide concentrations in the troposphere are highly variable around the planet, and that widespread burning in the South American Amazon Basin and southern cerrados, the African savannahs, and the Australian grasslands and ranches are major sources of carbon monoxide in the southern hemisphere and tropical troposphere.The 1994 flights of the MAPS experiment provided CO measurements that show seasonal changes in CO emissions, sources, transports, and chemistry.InstrumentThe MAPS instrument is based on a technique called gas filter radiometry. Thermal energy from the Earth passes through the atmosphere and enters the viewport of the downlooking MAPS instrument. Carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide (N2O) in the atmosphere produce unique absorption lines in the transmitted energy. The energy which enters the MAPS instrument is split into three beams. One beam passes through a cell containing CO and falls onto a detector. This CO gas cell acts as a filter for the effects of CO present in the middle troposphere. A second beam falls directly onto a detector without passing through any gas filter. The difference in the voltage of the signals from these two detectors can be used to determine the amount of CO present in the atmosphere at an altitude of 7-8 km. During the dedicated Earth-Observing Space Shuttle mission in 1994, MAPS measured the distribution of carbon monoxide in the middle troposphere to evaluate CO sources and chemistry, and to evaluate the seasonal and interannual variation of this key atmospheric trace gas. Interpretation of these measurements will help us to better understand the atmosphere and the consequences that human activities initiate in global climate change. A third beam of the incident energy passes through a cell containing N2O and falls onto a detector. This N2O gas cell acts as a filter for the effects of N2O present in the atmosphere. The global distribution of N2O is well known, so the N2O signal can be used to detect the presence of clouds in the field of view and to correct the simultaneous CO measurement for systematic errors in the data.SRL-1 Mission GoalsThe MAPS SRL-1 mission took place during Northern Hemisphere Spring when global biomass burning does not typically occur. Some burning may occur for the purpose of clearing the damaged and felled trees in the forests of North America after the rather severe winter. The goals of the MAPS SRL-1 mission are to provide a validated, near-global atlas of the distribution of tropospheric Carbon Monoxide during the mission, and to assess the health status of the MAPS instrument as the mission progresses.SL1 Summary High concentrations of carbon monoxide over the Northern Hemisphere can be seen in measurements made by the Measurement of Air Pollution from Space (MAPS) instrument. These April 1994 measurements, made from the Space Shuttle Endeavour (STS-59), show large sources of air pollution in the lower atmosphere (2 to 10 miles above the surface) over the industrialized Northern Hemisphere.The data that are available from MAPS SRL1 include a 5 by 5 degree gridded box (MAPS_SRL1_5X5_HDF) and a second by second data product (MAPS_SRL1_COSEC_HDF). These data sets are available from the Langley DAAC.","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","conformsTo":"http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmi","description":"The metadata's original source.","downloadURL":"https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/concepts/C3880763569-LARC_CLOUD.iso19115","format":"ISO","mediaType":"text/xml","title":"Original Metadata"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/citing-data","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/documents/maps/guide/base_maps_cosec_dataset.pdf","format":"PDF","mediaType":"application/pdf"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/documents/maps/read_software/compile_read_maps_cosec.txt","format":"TXT","mediaType":"text/plain"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/documents/maps/read_software/maps_cosec_read.c","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/documents/maps/readme/readme_maps_srl1_cosec_hdf.txt","format":"TXT","mediaType":"text/plain"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/project/MAPS","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/epubs/db/db1020/db1020.html","format":"HTML","mediaType":"text/html"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/virtual-directory/collections/C3880763569-LARC_CLOUD","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.5067/MAPS_SRL1_COSEC_HDF","format":"HTML","mediaType":"text/html"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/granules?p=C3880763569-LARC_CLOUD","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"}],"identifier":"10.5067/MAPS_SRL1_COSEC_HDF","keyword":["earth-science-air-quality-atmosphere-carbon-monoxide","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-nitrogen-compounds"],"license":"https://www.usa.gov/government-works","modified":"2026-09-08","programCode":["026:000"],"publisher":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"NASA/LARC/SD/ASDC"},"spatial":"[\"CARTESIAN\", [{\"Boundary\": {\"Points\": [{\"Latitude\": -70, \"Longitude\": -180}, {\"Latitude\": -70, \"Longitude\": 180}, {\"Latitude\": 70, \"Longitude\": 180}, {\"Latitude\": 70, \"Longitude\": -180}, {\"Latitude\": -70, \"Longitude\": -180}]}}]]","temporal":"1994-04-09/1994-04-19","theme":["Earth Science"],"title":"Measurement of Air Pollution from Satellites (MAPS) Space Radar Laboratory - 1 (SRL1) Carbon Monoxide Second by Second data"},"description":"MAPS Overview The MAPS experiment measures the global distribution of carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratios in the free troposphere. Because of MAPS' previous flights on board the Space Shuttle, Earth system scientists now know that carbon monoxide concentrations in the troposphere are highly variable around the planet, and that widespread burning in the South American Amazon Basin and southern cerrados, the African savannahs, and the Australian grasslands and ranches are major sources of carbon monoxide in the southern hemisphere and tropical troposphere.The 1994 flights of the MAPS experiment provided CO measurements that show seasonal changes in CO emissions, sources, transports, and chemistry.InstrumentThe MAPS instrument is based on a technique called gas filter radiometry. Thermal energy from the Earth passes through the atmosphere and enters the viewport of the downlooking MAPS instrument. Carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide (N2O) in the atmosphere produce unique absorption lines in the transmitted energy. The energy which enters the MAPS instrument is split into three beams. 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This N2O gas cell acts as a filter for the effects of N2O present in the atmosphere. The global distribution of N2O is well known, so the N2O signal can be used to detect the presence of clouds in the field of view and to correct the simultaneous CO measurement for systematic errors in the data.SRL-1 Mission GoalsThe MAPS SRL-1 mission took place during Northern Hemisphere Spring when global biomass burning does not typically occur. Some burning may occur for the purpose of clearing the damaged and felled trees in the forests of North America after the rather severe winter. The goals of the MAPS SRL-1 mission are to provide a validated, near-global atlas of the distribution of tropospheric Carbon Monoxide during the mission, and to assess the health status of the MAPS instrument as the mission progresses.SL1 Summary High concentrations of carbon monoxide over the Northern Hemisphere can be seen in measurements made by the Measurement of Air Pollution from Space (MAPS) instrument. These April 1994 measurements, made from the Space Shuttle Endeavour (STS-59), show large sources of air pollution in the lower atmosphere (2 to 10 miles above the surface) over the industrialized Northern Hemisphere.The data that are available from MAPS SRL1 include a 5 by 5 degree gridded box (MAPS_SRL1_5X5_HDF) and a second by second data product (MAPS_SRL1_COSEC_HDF). 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The Electrochemical Concentration Cell (ECC) Ozonesonde is a balloon-borne instrument that collects ozone concentrations paired with a radiosonde to collect additional meteorological info along a vertical profile (as a result, unlike other ATom data, this dataset is not associated with DC-8). The balloon can ascend to altitudes of 35 km before bursting. 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This includes campaigns such as the Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) mission, the Korea United States Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ), the Tracking Aerosol Convection ExpeRiment \u2013 Air Quality (TRACER-AQ) campaign, the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry \u00c9xperiment (FRAPP\u00c9), the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS), and the Ozone Water\u2013Land Environmental Transition Study (OWLETS).","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","conformsTo":"http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmi","description":"The metadata's original source.","downloadURL":"https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/concepts/C3880797653-LARC_CLOUD.iso19115","format":"ISO","mediaType":"text/xml","title":"Original Metadata"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/citing-data","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/outreach-material/introduction-to-tolnet-storymap","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/outreach-material/tolnet-stratospheric-intrusion-storymap","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/wagdocuments/473/TOLNet_Lidars_and_Corresponding_Campaigns.docx","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/virtual-directory/collections/C3880797653-LARC_CLOUD","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-10-05043.1","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-10-05044.1","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.41.007550","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.5067/Lidar/Ozone/TOLNet/NASA-GSFC","format":"HTML","mediaType":"text/html"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3865-2017","format":"HTML","mediaType":"text/html"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-801-2013","format":"HTML","mediaType":"text/html"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3529-2014","format":"HTML","mediaType":"text/html"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.52.003557","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/granules?p=C3880797653-LARC_CLOUD","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"}],"identifier":"10.5067/Lidar/Ozone/TOLNet/NASA-GSFC","keyword":["earth-science-air-quality-atmosphere-tropospheric-ozone","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-nitrogen-compounds","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-oxygen-compounds","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-trace-gases-trace-species","earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-surface-pressure","earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-incoming-solar-radiation","earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere","earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature","earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators","earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds"],"license":"https://www.usa.gov/government-works","modified":"2026-09-08","programCode":["026:000"],"publisher":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"NASA/LARC/SD/ASDC"},"spatial":"[\"CARTESIAN\", [{\"WestBoundingCoordinate\": -105.14, \"EastBoundingCoordinate\": 4.94, \"SouthBoundingCoordinate\": 29.65, \"NorthBoundingCoordinate\": 52}]], Maximum Altitude, 18.1 km","temporal":"2013-09-19/2026-08-31","theme":["Earth Science"],"title":"TOLNet NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Data"},"description":"TOLNet_GSFC_Data is the lidar data collected by the Tropospheric Ozone (TROPOZ) lidar at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) as part of the Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet). 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This includes campaigns such as the Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) mission, the Korea United States Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ), the Tracking Aerosol Convection ExpeRiment \u2013 Air Quality (TRACER-AQ) campaign, the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry \u00c9xperiment (FRAPP\u00c9), the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS), and the Ozone Water\u2013Land Environmental Transition Study (OWLETS).","distribution_titles":["Original Metadata"],"harvest_record":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/dbc08768-c905-4a0c-8b2e-21a61ad71793","harvest_record_raw":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/dbc08768-c905-4a0c-8b2e-21a61ad71793/raw","has_download":true,"has_spatial":true,"identifier":"10.5067/Lidar/Ozone/TOLNet/NASA-GSFC","keyword":["earth-science-air-quality-atmosphere-tropospheric-ozone","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-nitrogen-compounds","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-oxygen-compounds","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-trace-gases-trace-species","earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-surface-pressure","earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-incoming-solar-radiation","earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere","earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature","earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators","earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds"],"last_harvested_date":"2026-09-08T23:57:27.203185","organization":{"aliases":[""],"code_repo_exempt":false,"code_repo_url":null,"description":null,"id":"f4ca4614-8901-409b-8553-2e994ad10023","logo":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GSA/logo/refs/heads/master/nasa.png","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","organization_type":"Federal Government","slug":"nasa"},"parent_identifier":null,"popularity":2,"publisher":"NASA/LARC/SD/ASDC","slug":"tolnet-nasa-goddard-space-flight-center-data","spatial_centroid":null,"spatial_shape":null,"theme":["Earth Science"],"title":"TOLNet NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Data","type":"dataset"},{"_score":7.2712917,"_sort":[1788911846830,7.2712917,1,"4882819c-4d96-4d60-9f12-ab4b1302b96b"],"dcat":{"@type":"dcat:Dataset","accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["026:00"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Earthdata Forum","hasEmail":"mailto:earthdata-support@nasa.gov"},"description":"TOLNet_LaRC_Data is the lidar data collected by the Langley Mobile Ozone Lidar (LMOL) at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) as part of the Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet). 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The changing N2O concentrations provide an independent index of changes to the global N cycle, in much the same way that changing carbon dioxide concentrations provide an important constraint on the global carbon cycle.  The changes to the global N cycle are driven by industrialization, as indicated by fossil fuel NOx emission, and by the intensification of agriculture, as indicted by fertilizer and manure production and crop N2 fixation. The data set and the science it reflects are by nature interdisciplinary.  Making the data set available through the ORNL DAAC is an attempt to make the data set available to the considerable interdisciplinary community studying the N cycle.","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","conformsTo":"http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmi","description":"The metadata's original source.","downloadURL":"https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/concepts/C2776893351-ORNL_CLOUD.iso19115","format":"ISO","mediaType":"text/xml","title":"Original Metadata"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://daac.ornl.gov/graphics/browse/project/square/climate_logo_square.png","format":"PNG","mediaType":"image/png"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.ornldaac.earthdata.nasa.gov/protected/bundle/global_N_cycle_797.zip","format":"ZIP","mediaType":"application/zip"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.ornldaac.earthdata.nasa.gov/public/global_climate/global_N_cycle/comp/N_Emiss.pdf","format":"PDF","mediaType":"application/pdf"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.ornldaac.earthdata.nasa.gov/public/global_climate/global_N_cycle/comp/global_N_perturbations.pdf","format":"PDF","mediaType":"application/pdf"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/797","format":"HTML","mediaType":"text/html"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/granules?p=C2776893351-ORNL_CLOUD","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"}],"identifier":"10.3334/ORNLDAAC/797","keyword":["earth-science-agricultural-chemicals-agriculture-fertilizers","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-nitrogen-compounds","earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions","earth-science-environmental-impacts-human-dimensions-agricultural-expansion","earth-science-socioeconomics-human-dimensions-industrialization"],"license":"https://www.usa.gov/government-works","modified":"2026-09-08","programCode":["026:000"],"publisher":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"ORNL_DAAC"},"spatial":"[\"CARTESIAN\", [{\"WestBoundingCoordinate\": -180.0, \"NorthBoundingCoordinate\": 90.0, \"EastBoundingCoordinate\": 180.0, \"SouthBoundingCoordinate\": -90.0}]]","temporal":"1756-01-01/2004-12-31","theme":["Earth Science"],"title":"Global N Cycle: Fluxes and N2O Mixing Ratios Originating from Human Activity"},"description":"Nitrogen is a major nutrient in terrestrial ecosystems and an important catalyst in tropospheric photochemistry. Over the last century human activities have dramatically increased inputs of reactive nitrogen (Nr, the combination of oxidized, reduced and organically bound nitrogen) to the Earth system. Nitrogen cycle perturbations have compromised air quality and human health, acidified ecosystems, and degraded and eutrophied  lakes and coastal estuaries [Vitousek et al., 1997a, 1997b; Rabalais, 2002; Howarth et al., 2003; Townsend et al., 2003; Galloway et al., 2004]. To begin to quantify the changes to the global N cycle, we have assembled key flux data and N2O mixing ratios from various sources.  The data assembled from different sources includes fertilizer production from 1920-2004;  manure production from 1860-2004; crop N fixation estimated for three time points, 1860, 1900, 1995; tropospheric N2O mixing ratios from ice core and firn measurements, and tropospheric concentrations to cover the time period from 1756-2004.  The changing N2O concentrations provide an independent index of changes to the global N cycle, in much the same way that changing carbon dioxide concentrations provide an important constraint on the global carbon cycle.  The changes to the global N cycle are driven by industrialization, as indicated by fossil fuel NOx emission, and by the intensification of agriculture, as indicted by fertilizer and manure production and crop N2 fixation. The data set and the science it reflects are by nature interdisciplinary.  Making the data set available through the ORNL DAAC is an attempt to make the data set available to the considerable interdisciplinary community studying the N cycle.","distribution_titles":["Original Metadata"],"harvest_record":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/84b33ece-1635-4238-a075-74cbe66bcbf5","harvest_record_raw":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/84b33ece-1635-4238-a075-74cbe66bcbf5/raw","has_download":true,"has_spatial":true,"identifier":"10.3334/ORNLDAAC/797","keyword":["earth-science-agricultural-chemicals-agriculture-fertilizers","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-nitrogen-compounds","earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions","earth-science-environmental-impacts-human-dimensions-agricultural-expansion","earth-science-socioeconomics-human-dimensions-industrialization"],"last_harvested_date":"2026-09-08T23:48:51.972546","organization":{"aliases":[""],"code_repo_exempt":false,"code_repo_url":null,"description":null,"id":"f4ca4614-8901-409b-8553-2e994ad10023","logo":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GSA/logo/refs/heads/master/nasa.png","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","organization_type":"Federal Government","slug":"nasa"},"parent_identifier":null,"popularity":3,"publisher":"ORNL_DAAC","slug":"global-n-cycle-fluxes-and-n2o-mixing-ratios-originating-from-human-activity","spatial_centroid":null,"spatial_shape":null,"theme":["Earth Science"],"title":"Global N Cycle: Fluxes and N2O Mixing Ratios Originating from Human Activity","type":"dataset"},{"_score":9.601276,"_sort":[1788911079303,9.601276,1,"9c8220ef-92c5-49fc-baec-baf89f5ba86a"],"dcat":{"@type":"dcat:Dataset","accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["026:00"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Earthdata Forum","hasEmail":"mailto:earthdata-support@nasa.gov"},"description":"The purpose of this study was to develop alternatives to ground-based measurements in order to obtain information required to predict the effects of soil and land use on the fluxes of greenhouse gases, the surface energy balance, and the water balance. Satellite-based algorithms have been developed via flux measurements from an aircraft to estimate vegetation and soil conditions on a regional scale. The purpose of the Twin Otter FIFE flights was to make measurements in the boundary layer of the fluxes of sensible and latent heat, momentum, and carbon dioxide, plus supporting meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and direction. Aircraft position, heading, and altitude were also recorded, as were several radiometric observations for use in interpretation of these data. The Twin Otter aircraft allows steady flight trajectories at low airspeed (50-60 [m][sec^-1]) down to levels less than 10 m above the ground. The aircraft is instrumented to measure the contribution of flux densities of momentum, sensible, and latent heat, and CO2 over a frequency range of 0 to 5 Hz (MacPherson et al., 1981).  All the flux measurements were obtained with the eddy-correlation method, wherein the aircraft is equipped with an inertial platform, accelerometers, and a gust probe for measurement of earth-relative gusts in the x, y, and z directions. Gusts in these dimensions are then correlated with each other for momentum fluxes and with fluctuations in other variables to obtain the various scalar fluxes, such as temperature (for sensible heat flux) and water vapor mixing ratio (for latent heat flux). The fluctuations in all variables were calculated with three different methods (the arithmetic means removed, the linear trends removed, or filtered with a high-pass recursive filter) prior to the eddy correlation calculations. This data set contains the linearly detrended data.  Through this research, it is hoped that techniques can be developed to utilize satellite data for global monitoring of crop health and climate change.","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","conformsTo":"http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmi","description":"The metadata's original source.","downloadURL":"https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/concepts/C2968494372-ORNL_CLOUD.iso19115","format":"ISO","mediaType":"text/xml","title":"Original Metadata"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://daac.ornl.gov/graphics/browse/project/square/fife_logo_square.png","format":"PNG","mediaType":"image/png"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.ornldaac.earthdata.nasa.gov/protected/bundle/fife_AF_dtrnd_nae_3.zip","format":"ZIP","mediaType":"application/zip"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.ornldaac.earthdata.nasa.gov/public/fife/fife_AF_dtrnd_nae/comp/af_dtrnd.tdf","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.ornldaac.earthdata.nasa.gov/public/fife/fife_AF_dtrnd_nae/comp/aflux_mc.doc","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.ornldaac.earthdata.nasa.gov/public/fife/fife_AF_dtrnd_nae/comp/air_flux_det_nrcc.pdf","format":"PDF","mediaType":"application/pdf"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/3","format":"HTML","mediaType":"text/html"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/granules?p=C2968494372-ORNL_CLOUD","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"}],"identifier":"10.3334/ORNLDAAC/3","keyword":["earth-science-altitude-atmosphere-barometric-altitude","earth-science-altitude-atmosphere-geopotential-height","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds","earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-atmospheric-pressure-measurements","earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-heat-flux","earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-solar-irradiance","earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature","earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators","earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds","earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-upper-level-winds","earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover"],"license":"https://www.usa.gov/government-works","modified":"2026-09-08","programCode":["026:000"],"publisher":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"ORNL_DAAC"},"spatial":"[\"CARTESIAN\", [{\"WestBoundingCoordinate\": -102.0, \"NorthBoundingCoordinate\": 40.0, \"EastBoundingCoordinate\": -95.0, \"SouthBoundingCoordinate\": 37.0}]]","temporal":"1987-06-26/1989-10-31","theme":["Earth Science"],"title":"Aircraft Flux-Detrended: NRCC (FIFE)"},"description":"The purpose of this study was to develop alternatives to ground-based measurements in order to obtain information required to predict the effects of soil and land use on the fluxes of greenhouse gases, the surface energy balance, and the water balance. Satellite-based algorithms have been developed via flux measurements from an aircraft to estimate vegetation and soil conditions on a regional scale. The purpose of the Twin Otter FIFE flights was to make measurements in the boundary layer of the fluxes of sensible and latent heat, momentum, and carbon dioxide, plus supporting meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and direction. Aircraft position, heading, and altitude were also recorded, as were several radiometric observations for use in interpretation of these data. The Twin Otter aircraft allows steady flight trajectories at low airspeed (50-60 [m][sec^-1]) down to levels less than 10 m above the ground. The aircraft is instrumented to measure the contribution of flux densities of momentum, sensible, and latent heat, and CO2 over a frequency range of 0 to 5 Hz (MacPherson et al., 1981).  All the flux measurements were obtained with the eddy-correlation method, wherein the aircraft is equipped with an inertial platform, accelerometers, and a gust probe for measurement of earth-relative gusts in the x, y, and z directions. Gusts in these dimensions are then correlated with each other for momentum fluxes and with fluctuations in other variables to obtain the various scalar fluxes, such as temperature (for sensible heat flux) and water vapor mixing ratio (for latent heat flux). The fluctuations in all variables were calculated with three different methods (the arithmetic means removed, the linear trends removed, or filtered with a high-pass recursive filter) prior to the eddy correlation calculations. This data set contains the linearly detrended data.  Through this research, it is hoped that techniques can be developed to utilize satellite data for global monitoring of crop health and climate change.","distribution_titles":["Original Metadata"],"harvest_record":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/28320f4f-ff55-4394-80da-432efc5ff748","harvest_record_raw":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/28320f4f-ff55-4394-80da-432efc5ff748/raw","has_download":true,"has_spatial":true,"identifier":"10.3334/ORNLDAAC/3","keyword":["earth-science-altitude-atmosphere-barometric-altitude","earth-science-altitude-atmosphere-geopotential-height","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds","earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-atmospheric-pressure-measurements","earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-heat-flux","earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-solar-irradiance","earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature","earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators","earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds","earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-upper-level-winds","earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover"],"last_harvested_date":"2026-09-08T23:44:39.303237","organization":{"aliases":[""],"code_repo_exempt":false,"code_repo_url":null,"description":null,"id":"f4ca4614-8901-409b-8553-2e994ad10023","logo":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GSA/logo/refs/heads/master/nasa.png","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","organization_type":"Federal Government","slug":"nasa"},"parent_identifier":null,"popularity":1,"publisher":"ORNL_DAAC","slug":"aircraft-flux-detrended-nrcc-fife","spatial_centroid":null,"spatial_shape":null,"theme":["Earth Science"],"title":"Aircraft Flux-Detrended: NRCC (FIFE)","type":"dataset"},{"_score":9.6767845,"_sort":[1788911077836,9.6767845,1,"0becdf94-52b4-430b-8b13-783adaf37290"],"dcat":{"@type":"dcat:Dataset","accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["026:00"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Earthdata Forum","hasEmail":"mailto:earthdata-support@nasa.gov"},"description":"The purpose of this study was to develop alternatives to ground-based measurements in order to obtain information required to predict the effects of soil and land use on the fluxes of greenhouse gases, the surface energy balance, and the water balance. Satellite-based algorithms have been developed via flux measurements from an aircraft to estimate vegetation and soil conditions on a regional scale. The purpose of the Twin Otter FIFE flights was to make measurements in the boundary layer of the fluxes of sensible and latent heat, momentum, and carbon dioxide, plus supporting meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and direction. Aircraft position, heading, and altitude were also recorded, as were several radiometric observations for use in interpretation of these data. The Twin Otter aircraft allows steady flight trajectories at low airspeed (50-60 [m][sec^-1]) down to levels less than 10 m above the ground. The aircraft is instrumented to measure the contribution of flux densities of momentum, sensible, and latent heat, and CO2 over a frequency range of 0 to 5 Hz (MacPherson et al., 1981).  All the flux measurements were obtained with the eddy-correlation method, wherein the aircraft is equipped with an inertial platform, accelerometers, and a gust probe for measurement of earth-relative gusts in the x, y, and z directions. Gusts in these dimensions are then correlated with each other for momentum fluxes and with fluctuations in other variables to obtain the various scalar fluxes, such as temperature (for sensible heat flux) and water vapor mixing ratio (for latent heat flux). The fluctuations in all variables were calculated with three different methods (the arithmetic means removed, the linear trends removed, or filtered with a high-pass recursive filter) prior to the eddy correlation calculations. This data set contains the raw (i.e., arithmetic means removed) data.  Through this research, it is hoped that techniques can be developed to utilize satellite data for global monitoring of crop health and climate change.","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","conformsTo":"http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmi","description":"The metadata's original source.","downloadURL":"https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/concepts/C2968531540-ORNL_CLOUD.iso19115","format":"ISO","mediaType":"text/xml","title":"Original Metadata"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://daac.ornl.gov/graphics/browse/project/square/fife_logo_square.png","format":"PNG","mediaType":"image/png"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.ornldaac.earthdata.nasa.gov/protected/bundle/fife_AF_raw_nae_9.zip","format":"ZIP","mediaType":"application/zip"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.ornldaac.earthdata.nasa.gov/public/fife/fife_AF_raw_nae/comp/af_raw.tdf","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.ornldaac.earthdata.nasa.gov/public/fife/fife_AF_raw_nae/comp/aflux_mc.doc","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.ornldaac.earthdata.nasa.gov/public/fife/fife_AF_raw_nae/comp/air_flux_raw_nrcc.pdf","format":"PDF","mediaType":"application/pdf"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/9","format":"HTML","mediaType":"text/html"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/granules?p=C2968531540-ORNL_CLOUD","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"}],"identifier":"10.3334/ORNLDAAC/9","keyword":["earth-science-altitude-atmosphere-barometric-altitude","earth-science-altitude-atmosphere-geopotential-height","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds","earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-atmospheric-pressure-measurements","earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-heat-flux","earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-solar-irradiance","earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature","earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators","earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds","earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-upper-level-winds","earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover"],"license":"https://www.usa.gov/government-works","modified":"2026-09-08","programCode":["026:000"],"publisher":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"ORNL_DAAC"},"spatial":"[\"CARTESIAN\", [{\"WestBoundingCoordinate\": -102.0, \"NorthBoundingCoordinate\": 40.0, \"EastBoundingCoordinate\": -95.0, \"SouthBoundingCoordinate\": 37.0}]]","temporal":"1987-06-26/1989-10-31","theme":["Earth Science"],"title":"Aircraft Flux-Raw: NRCC (FIFE)"},"description":"The purpose of this study was to develop alternatives to ground-based measurements in order to obtain information required to predict the effects of soil and land use on the fluxes of greenhouse gases, the surface energy balance, and the water balance. Satellite-based algorithms have been developed via flux measurements from an aircraft to estimate vegetation and soil conditions on a regional scale. The purpose of the Twin Otter FIFE flights was to make measurements in the boundary layer of the fluxes of sensible and latent heat, momentum, and carbon dioxide, plus supporting meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and direction. Aircraft position, heading, and altitude were also recorded, as were several radiometric observations for use in interpretation of these data. The Twin Otter aircraft allows steady flight trajectories at low airspeed (50-60 [m][sec^-1]) down to levels less than 10 m above the ground. The aircraft is instrumented to measure the contribution of flux densities of momentum, sensible, and latent heat, and CO2 over a frequency range of 0 to 5 Hz (MacPherson et al., 1981).  All the flux measurements were obtained with the eddy-correlation method, wherein the aircraft is equipped with an inertial platform, accelerometers, and a gust probe for measurement of earth-relative gusts in the x, y, and z directions. Gusts in these dimensions are then correlated with each other for momentum fluxes and with fluctuations in other variables to obtain the various scalar fluxes, such as temperature (for sensible heat flux) and water vapor mixing ratio (for latent heat flux). The fluctuations in all variables were calculated with three different methods (the arithmetic means removed, the linear trends removed, or filtered with a high-pass recursive filter) prior to the eddy correlation calculations. This data set contains the raw (i.e., arithmetic means removed) data.  Through this research, it is hoped that techniques can be developed to utilize satellite data for global monitoring of crop health and climate change.","distribution_titles":["Original Metadata"],"harvest_record":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/4f6245cf-89f4-4733-a8b7-f5eb929425e1","harvest_record_raw":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/4f6245cf-89f4-4733-a8b7-f5eb929425e1/raw","has_download":true,"has_spatial":true,"identifier":"10.3334/ORNLDAAC/9","keyword":["earth-science-altitude-atmosphere-barometric-altitude","earth-science-altitude-atmosphere-geopotential-height","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds","earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-atmospheric-pressure-measurements","earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-heat-flux","earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-solar-irradiance","earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature","earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators","earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds","earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-upper-level-winds","earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover"],"last_harvested_date":"2026-09-08T23:44:37.836293","organization":{"aliases":[""],"code_repo_exempt":false,"code_repo_url":null,"description":null,"id":"f4ca4614-8901-409b-8553-2e994ad10023","logo":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GSA/logo/refs/heads/master/nasa.png","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","organization_type":"Federal Government","slug":"nasa"},"parent_identifier":null,"popularity":1,"publisher":"ORNL_DAAC","slug":"aircraft-flux-raw-nrcc-fife","spatial_centroid":null,"spatial_shape":null,"theme":["Earth Science"],"title":"Aircraft Flux-Raw: NRCC (FIFE)","type":"dataset"}],"sort":"last_harvested_date"}