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These academically rigorous institutions engage in partnerships with organizations including U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, the National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and universities nationwide to support research and education programs that focus on issues such as climate change, sustainable agriculture, water quality, wildlife population dynamics, and diabetes prevention. Many support distance learning involving state-of-the-art learning environments.
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Spatially, these point data served both as an independent validation dataset for the predicted 6\u2011class soil map, and they provided the physical measurements required to parameterize the companion usersoil table (provided in .xlsx format).","distribution_titles":["Digital Data","Original Metadata"],"harvest_record":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/e2b54ba1-7d6e-45f2-8f55-33251fbf98dd","harvest_record_raw":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/e2b54ba1-7d6e-45f2-8f55-33251fbf98dd/raw","has_spatial":true,"identifier":"http://datainventory.doi.gov/id/dataset/USGS_6a3352141ba49b742637d5b5","keyword":["Baja California Sur","Los Planes Watershed","Mexico","USGS:6a3352141ba49b742637d5b5","conceptual modeling","environment","geomorphology","geoscientificInformation","remote sensing","soil sciences"],"last_harvested_date":"2026-08-06T23:45:53.278074","organization":{"aliases":["dept"],"description":null,"id":"143529f7-2eef-4a07-b227-93ac9e84fad8","logo":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GSA/logo/master/doi.png","name":"Department of the Interior","organization_type":"Federal Government","slug":"doi"},"popularity":0,"publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","slug":"general-soils-map-of-los-planes-basin-baja-california-sur-mexico","spatial_centroid":{"lat":23.912439999999997,"lon":-110.04893999999999},"spatial_shape":{"coordinates":[[[-110.1703,23.6942],[-110.1703,24.2398],[-109.8669,24.2398],[-109.8669,23.6942],[-110.1703,23.6942]]],"type":"Polygon"},"theme":["geospatial"],"title":"General Soils Map of Los Planes Basin, Baja California Sur Mexico"},{"_score":9.549301,"_sort":[1785949066797,9.549301,4,"8c435260-c8b1-4fce-8df3-f80182fae9f5"],"dcat":{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:12"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Miguel Villarreal","hasEmail":"mailto:mvillarreal@usgs.gov"},"description":"The data release contains spatial data sets in raster and vector formats that are used to quantify, analyze and visualize recent fire regimes for the Mogollon Rim-Colorado Plateau (also called the Mogollon Highlands), the Sky Islands, or Madrean Archipelago and the Northern Sierra Madre Occidental regions of the United States and Mexico. The data were generated as part of the Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center-funded project titled \"Assessing Vulnerability of Vegetation and Wildlife Communities to Post-Fire Transformations to Guide Management of Southwestern Pine Forests and Woodlands.\" Specifically, the data release is comprised of 3 different compressed (zip) files containing the following data:\nDataset 1 Fire Perimeters - A fire perimeter (burned area) dataset ranging in years from 1985-2022 that was created by merging fire information from existing wildfire databases available in the United States, and custom Landsat burned area mapping products generated for areas in Mexico. The zip file contains separate polygon files for each ecoregion. \nDataset 2 Burn Severity \u2013 Fire severity rasters calculated as the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) from Landsat data for each fire perimeter. This dataset contains dNBR images of all individual fires in a zipped folder. \nDataset 3 Fire Regimes and Land Use Variables \u2013 Fire regime metrics were generated from the above data sets including: 1) number of times burned raster @ 100m, 2) Fire deficit/surplus layers based on the expected number of fires for each vegetation class, 3) maximum fire severity, mean fire severity and fire order-weighted burn severity all @ 30 m, 4) fire order-weighted seasonality (ignition date) surface high resolution, 5) Anthropogenic Biomes (Anthromes) describing biotic community type and population density within a 1km focal window and 6) roadless volume rasters at 100 m resolution.","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P14BHA49","description":"Landing page for access to the data","format":"XML","mediaType":"application/http","title":"Digital Data"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","description":"The metadata original format","downloadURL":"https://data.usgs.gov/datacatalog/metadata/USGS.6920ef6dd4be025bc609c70e.xml","format":"XML","mediaType":"text/xml","title":"Original Metadata"}],"identifier":"http://datainventory.doi.gov/id/dataset/USGS_6920ef6dd4be025bc609c70e","keyword":["Arizona","Chihuahua, Mexico","Landsat","New Mexico","Sonora, Mexico","USGS:6920ef6dd4be025bc609c70e","burn severity","economy","fire regime","fires","geospatial datasets","remote sensing","wildfire"],"modified":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","publisher":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Geological Survey"},"spatial":"-113.4027, 26.2138, -106.2330, 36.0541","theme":["geospatial"],"title":"Fire perimeter, burn severity (dNBR), spatial fire regime and land use data for the North American Cordillera of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, 1985-2022"},"description":"The data release contains spatial data sets in raster and vector formats that are used to quantify, analyze and visualize recent fire regimes for the Mogollon Rim-Colorado Plateau (also called the Mogollon Highlands), the Sky Islands, or Madrean Archipelago and the Northern Sierra Madre Occidental regions of the United States and Mexico. The data were generated as part of the Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center-funded project titled \"Assessing Vulnerability of Vegetation and Wildlife Communities to Post-Fire Transformations to Guide Management of Southwestern Pine Forests and Woodlands.\" Specifically, the data release is comprised of 3 different compressed (zip) files containing the following data:\nDataset 1 Fire Perimeters - A fire perimeter (burned area) dataset ranging in years from 1985-2022 that was created by merging fire information from existing wildfire databases available in the United States, and custom Landsat burned area mapping products generated for areas in Mexico. The zip file contains separate polygon files for each ecoregion. \nDataset 2 Burn Severity \u2013 Fire severity rasters calculated as the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) from Landsat data for each fire perimeter. This dataset contains dNBR images of all individual fires in a zipped folder. \nDataset 3 Fire Regimes and Land Use Variables \u2013 Fire regime metrics were generated from the above data sets including: 1) number of times burned raster @ 100m, 2) Fire deficit/surplus layers based on the expected number of fires for each vegetation class, 3) maximum fire severity, mean fire severity and fire order-weighted burn severity all @ 30 m, 4) fire order-weighted seasonality (ignition date) surface high resolution, 5) Anthropogenic Biomes (Anthromes) describing biotic community type and population density within a 1km focal window and 6) roadless volume rasters at 100 m resolution.","distribution_titles":["Digital Data","Original Metadata"],"harvest_record":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/7a4b85c6-699c-4c1f-8c76-b026bed24115","harvest_record_raw":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/7a4b85c6-699c-4c1f-8c76-b026bed24115/raw","has_spatial":true,"identifier":"http://datainventory.doi.gov/id/dataset/USGS_6920ef6dd4be025bc609c70e","keyword":["Arizona","Chihuahua, Mexico","Landsat","New Mexico","Sonora, Mexico","USGS:6920ef6dd4be025bc609c70e","burn severity","economy","fire regime","fires","geospatial datasets","remote sensing","wildfire"],"last_harvested_date":"2026-08-05T16:57:46.797567","organization":{"aliases":["dept"],"description":null,"id":"143529f7-2eef-4a07-b227-93ac9e84fad8","logo":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GSA/logo/master/doi.png","name":"Department of the Interior","organization_type":"Federal Government","slug":"doi"},"popularity":4,"publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","slug":"fire-perimeter-burn-severity-dnbr-spatial-fire-regime-and-land-use-data-for-the--1985-2022","spatial_centroid":{"lat":30.149919999999998,"lon":-110.53482},"spatial_shape":{"coordinates":[[[-113.4027,26.2138],[-113.4027,36.0541],[-106.233,36.0541],[-106.233,26.2138],[-113.4027,26.2138]]],"type":"Polygon"},"theme":["geospatial"],"title":"Fire perimeter, burn severity (dNBR), spatial fire regime and land use data for the North American Cordillera of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, 1985-2022"},{"_score":11.410219,"_sort":[1785948415753,11.410219,4,"7df1f3dd-f565-48bb-a12e-c48d3bf25862"],"dcat":{"@type":"dcat:Dataset","accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["009:20"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Craig Kassinger","hasEmail":"mailto:nephtrackingsupport@cdc.gov"},"description":"This dataset provides data at the county level for the contiguous United States. It includes weekly United States Drought Monitor (USDM) data from 2000-2016 provided by the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina. Please refer to the metadata attachment for more information.\r\n\r\nThese data are used by the CDC's National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network to generate drought measures. Learn more about drought on the Tracking Network's website: https://ephtracking.cdc.gov/showDroughtLanding.\r\n\r\nBy using these data, you signify your agreement to comply with the following requirements: \r\n1.\tUse the data for statistical reporting and analysis only. \r\n2.\tDo not attempt to learn the identity of any person included in the data and do not combine these data with other data for the purpose of matching records to identify individuals. \r\n3.\tDo not disclose of or make use of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently and report the discovery to: trackingsupport@cdc.gov. \r\n4.\tDo not imply or state, either in written or oral form, that interpretations based on the data are those of the original data sources and CDC unless the data user and data source are formally collaborating. \r\n5.\tAcknowledge, in all reports or presentations based on these data, the original source of the data and CDC. \r\n6.\tSuggested citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network. Web. Accessed: insert date. www.cdc.gov/ephtracking. \r\n\r\nProblems or Questions? \r\nEmail trackingsupport@cdc.gov.","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.cdc.gov/api/v3/views/spsk-9jj6/export.csv?accessType=DOWNLOAD","mediaType":"text/csv"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.cdc.gov/api/v3/views/spsk-9jj6/query.json?accessType=DOWNLOAD","mediaType":"application/json"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.cdc.gov/api/v3/views/spsk-9jj6/query.xml?accessType=DOWNLOAD","mediaType":"application/xml"}],"identifier":"https://data.cdc.gov/api/views/spsk-9jj6","issued":"2018-08-08","keyword":["drought","environmental health"],"landingPage":"https://data.cdc.gov/d/spsk-9jj6","license":"http://opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-odbl/","modified":"2018-11-27","programCode":["009:032"],"publisher":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},"theme":["Environmental Health & Toxicology"],"title":"United States Drought Monitor, 2000-2016"},"description":"This dataset provides data at the county level for the contiguous United States. It includes weekly United States Drought Monitor (USDM) data from 2000-2016 provided by the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina. Please refer to the metadata attachment for more information.\r\n\r\nThese data are used by the CDC's National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network to generate drought measures. Learn more about drought on the Tracking Network's website: https://ephtracking.cdc.gov/showDroughtLanding.\r\n\r\nBy using these data, you signify your agreement to comply with the following requirements: \r\n1.\tUse the data for statistical reporting and analysis only. \r\n2.\tDo not attempt to learn the identity of any person included in the data and do not combine these data with other data for the purpose of matching records to identify individuals. \r\n3.\tDo not disclose of or make use of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently and report the discovery to: trackingsupport@cdc.gov. \r\n4.\tDo not imply or state, either in written or oral form, that interpretations based on the data are those of the original data sources and CDC unless the data user and data source are formally collaborating. \r\n5.\tAcknowledge, in all reports or presentations based on these data, the original source of the data and CDC. \r\n6.\tSuggested citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network. Web. Accessed: insert date. www.cdc.gov/ephtracking. \r\n\r\nProblems or Questions? \r\nEmail trackingsupport@cdc.gov.","distribution_titles":[],"harvest_record":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/ee66ee02-d517-491d-a733-e1ab3659abd3","harvest_record_raw":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/ee66ee02-d517-491d-a733-e1ab3659abd3/raw","has_spatial":false,"identifier":"https://data.cdc.gov/api/views/spsk-9jj6","keyword":["drought","environmental health"],"last_harvested_date":"2026-08-05T16:46:55.753933","organization":{"aliases":["US","dept"],"description":null,"id":"2c2fc21f-21d0-4450-af01-cf8c69b44156","logo":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GSA/logo/refs/heads/master/hhs.png","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services","organization_type":"Federal Government","slug":"hhs"},"popularity":4,"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","slug":"united-states-drought-monitor-2000-2016","spatial_centroid":null,"spatial_shape":null,"theme":["Environmental Health & Toxicology"],"title":"United States Drought Monitor, 2000-2016"},{"_score":11.66356,"_sort":[1785948084185,11.66356,1,"10c99b34-3ebb-4e06-b280-b0c0eb592f62"],"dcat":{"@type":"dcat:Dataset","accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["009:20"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Craig Kassinger","hasEmail":"mailto:nephtrackingsupport@cdc.gov"},"description":"This dataset provides data at the county level for the contiguous United States. It includes monthly Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) data from 1895-2016 provided by the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina. Please refer to the metadata attachment for more information.\r\n\r\nLearn more about drought on the Tracking Network's website: https://ephtracking.cdc.gov/showDroughtLanding.\r\n\r\nBy using these data, you signify your agreement to comply with the following requirements: \r\n1.\tUse the data for statistical reporting and analysis only. \r\n2.\tDo not attempt to learn the identity of any person included in the data and do not combine these data with other data for the purpose of matching records to identify individuals. \r\n3.\tDo not disclose of or make use of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently and report the discovery to: trackingsupport@cdc.gov. \r\n4.\tDo not imply or state, either in written or oral form, that interpretations based on the data are those of the original data sources and CDC unless the data user and data source are formally collaborating. \r\n5.\tAcknowledge, in all reports or presentations based on these data, the original source of the data and CDC. \r\n6.\tSuggested citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network. Web. Accessed: insert date. www.cdc.gov/ephtracking. \r\n\r\nProblems or Questions? \r\nEmail trackingsupport@cdc.gov.","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.cdc.gov/api/v3/views/xbk2-5i4e/export.csv?accessType=DOWNLOAD","mediaType":"text/csv"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.cdc.gov/api/v3/views/xbk2-5i4e/query.json?accessType=DOWNLOAD","mediaType":"application/json"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.cdc.gov/api/v3/views/xbk2-5i4e/query.xml?accessType=DOWNLOAD","mediaType":"application/xml"}],"identifier":"https://data.cdc.gov/api/views/xbk2-5i4e","issued":"2018-07-26","keyword":["drought","environmental health"],"landingPage":"https://data.cdc.gov/d/xbk2-5i4e","license":"http://opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-odbl/","modified":"2018-11-27","programCode":["009:032"],"publisher":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},"theme":["Environmental Health & Toxicology"],"title":"Standardized Precipitation Index, 1895-2016"},"description":"This dataset provides data at the county level for the contiguous United States. It includes monthly Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) data from 1895-2016 provided by the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina. Please refer to the metadata attachment for more information.\r\n\r\nLearn more about drought on the Tracking Network's website: https://ephtracking.cdc.gov/showDroughtLanding.\r\n\r\nBy using these data, you signify your agreement to comply with the following requirements: \r\n1.\tUse the data for statistical reporting and analysis only. \r\n2.\tDo not attempt to learn the identity of any person included in the data and do not combine these data with other data for the purpose of matching records to identify individuals. \r\n3.\tDo not disclose of or make use of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently and report the discovery to: trackingsupport@cdc.gov. \r\n4.\tDo not imply or state, either in written or oral form, that interpretations based on the data are those of the original data sources and CDC unless the data user and data source are formally collaborating. \r\n5.\tAcknowledge, in all reports or presentations based on these data, the original source of the data and CDC. \r\n6.\tSuggested citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network. Web. Accessed: insert date. www.cdc.gov/ephtracking. \r\n\r\nProblems or Questions? \r\nEmail trackingsupport@cdc.gov.","distribution_titles":[],"harvest_record":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/ad88d1fc-f579-45f5-ad01-47a8104ecfc8","harvest_record_raw":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/ad88d1fc-f579-45f5-ad01-47a8104ecfc8/raw","has_spatial":false,"identifier":"https://data.cdc.gov/api/views/xbk2-5i4e","keyword":["drought","environmental health"],"last_harvested_date":"2026-08-05T16:41:24.185806","organization":{"aliases":["US","dept"],"description":null,"id":"2c2fc21f-21d0-4450-af01-cf8c69b44156","logo":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GSA/logo/refs/heads/master/hhs.png","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services","organization_type":"Federal Government","slug":"hhs"},"popularity":1,"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","slug":"standardized-precipitation-index-1895-2016","spatial_centroid":null,"spatial_shape":null,"theme":["Environmental Health & Toxicology"],"title":"Standardized Precipitation Index, 1895-2016"},{"_score":11.380339,"_sort":[1785947822914,11.380339,0,"0080c477-c38c-4b7e-bc4d-8878a5b6eeea"],"dcat":{"@type":"dcat:Dataset","accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["009:20"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Craig Kassinger","hasEmail":"mailto:nephtrackingsupport@cdc.gov"},"description":"This dataset provides data at the county level for the contiguous United States. It includes monthly Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) data from 1895-2016 provided by the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina. Please refer to the metadata attachment for more information.\r\n\r\nThese data are used by the CDC's National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network to generate drought measures. Learn more about drought on the Tracking Network's website: https://ephtracking.cdc.gov/showDroughtLanding.\r\n\r\nBy using these data, you signify your agreement to comply with the following requirements: \r\n1.\tUse the data for statistical reporting and analysis only. \r\n2.\tDo not attempt to learn the identity of any person included in the data and do not combine these data with other data for the purpose of matching records to identify individuals. \r\n3.\tDo not disclose of or make use of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently and report the discovery to: trackingsupport@cdc.gov. \r\n4.\tDo not imply or state, either in written or oral form, that interpretations based on the data are those of the original data sources and CDC unless the data user and data source are formally collaborating. \r\n5.\tAcknowledge, in all reports or presentations based on these data, the original source of the data and CDC. \r\n6.\tSuggested citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network. Web. Accessed: insert date. www.cdc.gov/ephtracking. \r\n\r\nProblems or Questions? \r\nEmail trackingsupport@cdc.gov.","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.cdc.gov/api/v3/views/6nbv-ifib/export.csv?accessType=DOWNLOAD","mediaType":"text/csv"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.cdc.gov/api/v3/views/6nbv-ifib/query.json?accessType=DOWNLOAD","mediaType":"application/json"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://data.cdc.gov/api/v3/views/6nbv-ifib/query.xml?accessType=DOWNLOAD","mediaType":"application/xml"}],"identifier":"https://data.cdc.gov/api/views/6nbv-ifib","issued":"2018-07-26","keyword":["drought","environmental health"],"landingPage":"https://data.cdc.gov/d/6nbv-ifib","license":"http://opendefinition.org/licenses/odc-odbl/","modified":"2026-07-28","programCode":["009:032"],"publisher":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},"theme":["Environmental Health & Toxicology"],"title":"Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, 1895-2016"},"description":"This dataset provides data at the county level for the contiguous United States. It includes monthly Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) data from 1895-2016 provided by the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina. Please refer to the metadata attachment for more information.\r\n\r\nThese data are used by the CDC's National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network to generate drought measures. Learn more about drought on the Tracking Network's website: https://ephtracking.cdc.gov/showDroughtLanding.\r\n\r\nBy using these data, you signify your agreement to comply with the following requirements: \r\n1.\tUse the data for statistical reporting and analysis only. \r\n2.\tDo not attempt to learn the identity of any person included in the data and do not combine these data with other data for the purpose of matching records to identify individuals. \r\n3.\tDo not disclose of or make use of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently and report the discovery to: trackingsupport@cdc.gov. \r\n4.\tDo not imply or state, either in written or oral form, that interpretations based on the data are those of the original data sources and CDC unless the data user and data source are formally collaborating. \r\n5.\tAcknowledge, in all reports or presentations based on these data, the original source of the data and CDC. \r\n6.\tSuggested citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network. Web. Accessed: insert date. www.cdc.gov/ephtracking. \r\n\r\nProblems or Questions? \r\nEmail trackingsupport@cdc.gov.","distribution_titles":[],"harvest_record":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/3459ab8a-c776-4810-88f6-6a7ce80082a8","harvest_record_raw":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/3459ab8a-c776-4810-88f6-6a7ce80082a8/raw","has_spatial":false,"identifier":"https://data.cdc.gov/api/views/6nbv-ifib","keyword":["drought","environmental health"],"last_harvested_date":"2026-08-05T16:37:02.914528","organization":{"aliases":["US","dept"],"description":null,"id":"2c2fc21f-21d0-4450-af01-cf8c69b44156","logo":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GSA/logo/refs/heads/master/hhs.png","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services","organization_type":"Federal Government","slug":"hhs"},"popularity":0,"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","slug":"standardized-precipitation-evapotranspiration-index-1895-2016","spatial_centroid":null,"spatial_shape":null,"theme":["Environmental Health & Toxicology"],"title":"Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, 1895-2016"},{"_score":11.374559,"_sort":[1785947107706,11.374559,2,"d2326e31-844d-4985-b6ea-fb083f16cf14"],"dcat":{"@type":"dcat:Dataset","accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["009:20"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Craig Kassinger","hasEmail":"mailto:nephtrackingsupport@cdc.gov"},"description":"This dataset provides data at the county level for the contiguous United States. It includes monthly Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) data from 1895-2016 provided by the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina. Please refer to the metadata attachment for more information.\r\n\r\nLearn more about drought on the Tracking Network's website: https://ephtracking.cdc.gov/showDroughtLanding.\r\n\r\nBy using these data, you signify your agreement to comply with the following requirements: \r\n1.\tUse the data for statistical reporting and analysis only. \r\n2.\tDo not attempt to learn the identity of any person included in the data and do not combine these data with other data for the purpose of matching records to identify individuals. \r\n3.\tDo not disclose of or make use of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently and report the discovery to: trackingsupport@cdc.gov. \r\n4.\tDo not imply or state, either in written or oral form, that interpretations based on the data are those of the original data sources and CDC unless the data user and data source are formally collaborating. \r\n5.\tAcknowledge, in all reports or presentations based on these data, the original source of the data and CDC. \r\n6.\tSuggested citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network. Web. 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Managers also require an index of winter severity that includes information on temperature, snow depth, and snow hardness at relevant spatial and temporal scales to adapt management strategies for seasonal conditions. \n \nThis project seeks to advance the understanding of how snow conditions vary and how such variation affects both species of greatest conservation need (e.g., wolverine, hoary marmot, western bumble bee, and mountain goat) and species of economic and recreational importance (e.g., elk and moose) in forests spanning the rain-snow transition zone in the interior Pacific Northwest. To do this, researchers created new tools that managers can use to estimate snow depth, map areas of late season snow (known as \u201csnow refugia\u201d), and estimate winter severity for ungulate species such as elk and moose. 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CLIMATE MODELS"},"description":"CLAIRE MONTELEONI*, GAVIN SCHMIDT**, AND SHAILESH SAROHA***\r\n\r\nClimate models are complex mathematical models designed by meteorologists, geophysicists,\r\nand climate scientists to simulate and predict climate. 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