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This includes campaigns such as the Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) mission, the Korea United States Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ), the Tracking Aerosol Convection ExpeRiment \u2013 Air Quality (TRACER-AQ) campaign, the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry \u00c9xperiment (FRAPP\u00c9), the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS), and the Ozone Water\u2013Land Environmental Transition Study (OWLETS).","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","conformsTo":"http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmi","description":"The metadata's original source.","downloadURL":"https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/concepts/C3880797903-LARC_CLOUD.iso19115","format":"ISO","mediaType":"text/xml","title":"Original Metadata"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/citing-data","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/outreach-material/introduction-to-tolnet-storymap","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/outreach-material/tolnet-stratospheric-intrusion-storymap","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/wagdocuments/473/TOLNet_Lidars_and_Corresponding_Campaigns.docx","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/virtual-directory/collections/C3880797903-LARC_CLOUD","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-10-05043.1","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-10-05044.1","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.41.007550","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.5067/Lidar/Ozone/TOLNet/UAH","format":"HTML","mediaType":"text/html"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3865-2017","format":"HTML","mediaType":"text/html"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-801-2013","format":"HTML","mediaType":"text/html"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3529-2014","format":"HTML","mediaType":"text/html"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.52.003557","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/granules?p=C3880797903-LARC_CLOUD","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://tolnet.larc.nasa.gov/","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"}],"identifier":"10.5067/Lidar/Ozone/TOLNet/UAH","keyword":["earth-science-air-quality-atmosphere-tropospheric-ozone","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-oxygen-compounds","earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-trace-gases-trace-species","earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere","earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere"],"license":"https://www.usa.gov/government-works","modified":"2026-09-22","programCode":["026:000"],"publisher":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"NASA/LARC/SD/ASDC"},"spatial":"[\"CARTESIAN\", [{\"WestBoundingCoordinate\": -88.15, \"EastBoundingCoordinate\": -86.6, \"SouthBoundingCoordinate\": 30.25, \"NorthBoundingCoordinate\": 42.505}]], Maximum Altitude, 15.2 km","temporal":"2009-06-29/2026-09-14","theme":["Earth Science"],"title":"TOLNet University of Alabama in Huntsville Data"},"description":"TOLNet_UAH_Data is the lidar data collected by the Rocket-city O3 Quality Evaluation in the Troposphere (RO3QET) lidar at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, Alabama as part of the Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet). 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The DIAL recorded data on infrared (IR) aerosol depolarization percentages, IR atmospheric scattering ratio, ozone mixing ratio in ppb by volume, VIS aerosol depolarization percentages, and VIS atmospheric scattering ratio. The WAS (NCAR) collected data on mixing ratios of CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, CF2Cl2, CFCl3, C2F3Cl3, and CH3CCl3. The NOCAR (NCAR/NOAA) NO/NOy instrument made in situ observations at DC-8 flight levels which were found to record NOy falling gravitationally on particles formed at higher altitudes. Finally, the NOAA TW collected information about the H2O volume mixing ratio in parts per million (ppm). For AASE, the balloon sondes were used to collect data on air temperature, dew point depression, and wind speed.\n\nThe ER-2 aircraft was equipped with 18 instruments for AASE-II. Three of those instruments include the Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP), the Argus Tunable Diode Laser Instrument (ARGUS), and the Aircraft Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS). 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The NOAA NOy was responsible for collecting data on NO volume mixing ratio in parts per billion (ppb), as well as NOy volume mixing ratio in ppb. As the name suggests, the ClO/BrO took measurements of BrO and ClO mixing ratio in ppb. The NOAA O3 Classic was enlisted on this campaign to take measurements of ozone in the atmosphere in ppb. The NASA DC-8 aircraft was equipped with 14 instruments. Three of those instruments were the Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL), the Whole Air Sampler (WAS (NCAR)), and the NOAA Lyman-Alpha Total Water Hygrometer (NOAA TW). The DIAL recorded data on infrared (IR) aerosol depolarization percentages, IR atmospheric scattering ratio, ozone mixing ratio in ppb by volume, VIS aerosol depolarization percentages, and VIS atmospheric scattering ratio. The WAS (NCAR) collected data on mixing ratios of CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, CF2Cl2, CFCl3, C2F3Cl3, and CH3CCl3. The NOCAR (NCAR/NOAA) NO/NOy instrument made in situ observations at DC-8 flight levels which were found to record NOy falling gravitationally on particles formed at higher altitudes. Finally, the NOAA TW collected information about the H2O volume mixing ratio in parts per million (ppm). For AASE, the balloon sondes were used to collect data on air temperature, dew point depression, and wind speed.\n\nThe ER-2 aircraft was equipped with 18 instruments for AASE-II. Three of those instruments include the Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP), the Argus Tunable Diode Laser Instrument (ARGUS), and the Aircraft Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS). The MTP collected data on atmospheric temperature and potential air temperature. The ARGUS measured N2O mixing ratio in ppb. Finally, the ALIAS collected data on N2O, CH4, HNO3, HCL, and H2O. The DC-8 aircraft was equipped with 16 instruments. 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The DIAL recorded data on infrared (IR) aerosol depolarization percentages, IR atmospheric scattering ratio, ozone mixing ratio in ppb by volume, VIS aerosol depolarization percentages, and VIS atmospheric scattering ratio. The WAS (NCAR) collected data on mixing ratios of CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, CF2Cl2, CFCl3, C2F3Cl3, and CH3CCl3. The NOCAR (NCAR/NOAA) NO/NOy instrument made in situ observations at DC-8 flight levels which were found to record NOy falling gravitationally on particles formed at higher altitudes. Finally, the NOAA TW collected information about the H2O volume mixing ratio in parts per million (ppm). For AASE, the balloon sondes were used to collect data on air temperature, dew point depression, and wind speed.\n\nThe ER-2 aircraft was equipped with 18 instruments for AASE-II. Three of those instruments include the Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP), the Argus Tunable Diode Laser Instrument (ARGUS), and the Aircraft Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS). 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Three of those instruments were the Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL), the Whole Air Sampler (WAS (NCAR)), and the NOAA Lyman-Alpha Total Water Hygrometer (NOAA TW). The DIAL recorded data on infrared (IR) aerosol depolarization percentages, IR atmospheric scattering ratio, ozone mixing ratio in ppb by volume, VIS aerosol depolarization percentages, and VIS atmospheric scattering ratio. The WAS (NCAR) collected data on mixing ratios of CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, CF2Cl2, CFCl3, C2F3Cl3, and CH3CCl3. The NOCAR (NCAR/NOAA) NO/NOy instrument made in situ observations at DC-8 flight levels which were found to record NOy falling gravitationally on particles formed at higher altitudes. Finally, the NOAA TW collected information about the H2O volume mixing ratio in parts per million (ppm). For AASE, the balloon sondes were used to collect data on air temperature, dew point depression, and wind speed.\n\nThe ER-2 aircraft was equipped with 18 instruments for AASE-II. Three of those instruments include the Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP), the Argus Tunable Diode Laser Instrument (ARGUS), and the Aircraft Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS). The MTP collected data on atmospheric temperature and potential air temperature. The ARGUS measured N2O mixing ratio in ppb. Finally, the ALIAS collected data on N2O, CH4, HNO3, HCL, and H2O. The DC-8 aircraft was equipped with 16 instruments. Three of the instruments among the 16 include the Differential Absorption Carbon Monoxide Measurement (DACOM), the Whole Air Sampler (WAS (UCI)), and the Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP). The DACOM recorded measurements on the carbon monoxide mixing ratio (ppb), methane mixing ratio (ppb), nitrous oxide mixing ratio (ppb), and the carbon dioxide mixing ratio (ppm). The WAS (UCI) collected data on hydrocarbons/halocarbons in the atmosphere. While the FSSP collected concentrations and distribution of aerosol size. 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Flights for AASE (including test flights) were conducted from December 1988 to February 1989, while flights for AASE-II (including test flights) were conducted from August 1991 to March 1992. The ER-2 was equipped with 13 instruments during AASE. Three instruments among those were the NOAA NO/NOy Instrument (NOAA NOy), the Multiple Axis Resonance Fluorescence Chemical Conversion Detector for ClO and BrO (ClO/BrO), and the Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer (NOAA O3 Classic). The NOAA NOy was responsible for collecting data on NO volume mixing ratio in parts per billion (ppb), as well as NOy volume mixing ratio in ppb. As the name suggests, the ClO/BrO took measurements of BrO and ClO mixing ratio in ppb. The NOAA O3 Classic was enlisted on this campaign to take measurements of ozone in the atmosphere in ppb. The NASA DC-8 aircraft was equipped with 14 instruments. Three of those instruments were the Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL), the Whole Air Sampler (WAS (NCAR)), and the NOAA Lyman-Alpha Total Water Hygrometer (NOAA TW). The DIAL recorded data on infrared (IR) aerosol depolarization percentages, IR atmospheric scattering ratio, ozone mixing ratio in ppb by volume, VIS aerosol depolarization percentages, and VIS atmospheric scattering ratio. The WAS (NCAR) collected data on mixing ratios of CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, CF2Cl2, CFCl3, C2F3Cl3, and CH3CCl3. The NOCAR (NCAR/NOAA) NO/NOy instrument made in situ observations at DC-8 flight levels which were found to record NOy falling gravitationally on particles formed at higher altitudes. Finally, the NOAA TW collected information about the H2O volume mixing ratio in parts per million (ppm). For AASE, the balloon sondes were used to collect data on air temperature, dew point depression, and wind speed.\n\nThe ER-2 aircraft was equipped with 18 instruments for AASE-II. 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The ER-2 was equipped with 13 instruments during AASE. Three instruments among those were the NOAA NO/NOy Instrument (NOAA NOy), the Multiple Axis Resonance Fluorescence Chemical Conversion Detector for ClO and BrO (ClO/BrO), and the Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer (NOAA O3 Classic). The NOAA NOy was responsible for collecting data on NO volume mixing ratio in parts per billion (ppb), as well as NOy volume mixing ratio in ppb. As the name suggests, the ClO/BrO took measurements of BrO and ClO mixing ratio in ppb. The NOAA O3 Classic was enlisted on this campaign to take measurements of ozone in the atmosphere in ppb. The NASA DC-8 aircraft was equipped with 14 instruments. Three of those instruments were the Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL), the Whole Air Sampler (WAS (NCAR)), and the NOAA Lyman-Alpha Total Water Hygrometer (NOAA TW). The DIAL recorded data on infrared (IR) aerosol depolarization percentages, IR atmospheric scattering ratio, ozone mixing ratio in ppb by volume, VIS aerosol depolarization percentages, and VIS atmospheric scattering ratio. The WAS (NCAR) collected data on mixing ratios of CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, CF2Cl2, CFCl3, C2F3Cl3, and CH3CCl3. The NOCAR (NCAR/NOAA) NO/NOy instrument made in situ observations at DC-8 flight levels which were found to record NOy falling gravitationally on particles formed at higher altitudes. Finally, the NOAA TW collected information about the H2O volume mixing ratio in parts per million (ppm). For AASE, the balloon sondes were used to collect data on air temperature, dew point depression, and wind speed.\n\nThe ER-2 aircraft was equipped with 18 instruments for AASE-II. Three of those instruments include the Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP), the Argus Tunable Diode Laser Instrument (ARGUS), and the Aircraft Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS). The MTP collected data on atmospheric temperature and potential air temperature. The ARGUS measured N2O mixing ratio in ppb. Finally, the ALIAS collected data on N2O, CH4, HNO3, HCL, and H2O. The DC-8 aircraft was equipped with 16 instruments. Three of the instruments among the 16 include the Differential Absorption Carbon Monoxide Measurement (DACOM), the Whole Air Sampler (WAS (UCI)), and the Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP). The DACOM recorded measurements on the carbon monoxide mixing ratio (ppb), methane mixing ratio (ppb), nitrous oxide mixing ratio (ppb), and the carbon dioxide mixing ratio (ppm). The WAS (UCI) collected data on hydrocarbons/halocarbons in the atmosphere. While the FSSP collected concentrations and distribution of aerosol size. 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Data collection for this product is complete.\n\nThe AASE campaign was a joint mission by NASA, NOAA, and the National Science Foundation (NSF). While this is one overarching campaign, AASE has been broken into two sub-campaigns: AASE and AASE-II namely, which each have their own mission goals. AASE\u2019s primary goal was to study the production and loss mechanism of ozone in the north polar stratospheric environment. This was after it was realized that ozone loss on either side of the 1987 Antarctic vortex during AAOE occurred under conditions found in the Arctic vortex. Along with this, AASE aimed to study the effect of ozone distribution of the Arctic polar vortex as well as the cold temperatures associated with the formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds. AASE-II aims to answer three science questions. First, AASE-II asks: will significant erosion of stratospheric ozone occur over the Arctic as stratospheric chlorine levels increase during the next decade? Second, AASE-II sought to understand what the causes of mid-latitude stratospheric ozone decreases in late fall through early summer are. This objective comes from the observations of ground and satellite observations the decade prior to the campaign. Finally, due to the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in June 1991, AASE-II aimed to address the effect volcanoes have on the chemical processes that govern stratospheric ozone. Specifically, this campaign questions if volcanic aerosols could modify depletion of stratospheric ozone associated with industrial halocarbons?\n\nIn order to accomplish these goals and answer these questions, AASE deployed the NASA DC-8 aircraft, NASA ER-2 aircraft, balloon sondes, and used imagery from satellites. These payloads and instruments were used for both AASE and AASE-II. Flights for AASE (including test flights) were conducted from December 1988 to February 1989, while flights for AASE-II (including test flights) were conducted from August 1991 to March 1992. The ER-2 was equipped with 13 instruments during AASE. Three instruments among those were the NOAA NO/NOy Instrument (NOAA NOy), the Multiple Axis Resonance Fluorescence Chemical Conversion Detector for ClO and BrO (ClO/BrO), and the Dual-Beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer (NOAA O3 Classic). The NOAA NOy was responsible for collecting data on NO volume mixing ratio in parts per billion (ppb), as well as NOy volume mixing ratio in ppb. As the name suggests, the ClO/BrO took measurements of BrO and ClO mixing ratio in ppb. The NOAA O3 Classic was enlisted on this campaign to take measurements of ozone in the atmosphere in ppb. The NASA DC-8 aircraft was equipped with 14 instruments. Three of those instruments were the Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL), the Whole Air Sampler (WAS (NCAR)), and the NOAA Lyman-Alpha Total Water Hygrometer (NOAA TW). The DIAL recorded data on infrared (IR) aerosol depolarization percentages, IR atmospheric scattering ratio, ozone mixing ratio in ppb by volume, VIS aerosol depolarization percentages, and VIS atmospheric scattering ratio. The WAS (NCAR) collected data on mixing ratios of CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, CF2Cl2, CFCl3, C2F3Cl3, and CH3CCl3. The NOCAR (NCAR/NOAA) NO/NOy instrument made in situ observations at DC-8 flight levels which were found to record NOy falling gravitationally on particles formed at higher altitudes. Finally, the NOAA TW collected information about the H2O volume mixing ratio in parts per million (ppm). For AASE, the balloon sondes were used to collect data on air temperature, dew point depression, and wind speed.\n\nThe ER-2 aircraft was equipped with 18 instruments for AASE-II. Three of those instruments include the Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP), the Argus Tunable Diode Laser Instrument (ARGUS), and the Aircraft Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS). 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The NOAA NOy was responsible for collecting data on NO volume mixing ratio in parts per billion (ppb), as well as NOy volume mixing ratio in ppb. As the name suggests, the ClO/BrO took measurements of BrO and ClO mixing ratio in ppb. The NOAA O3 Classic was enlisted on this campaign to take measurements of ozone in the atmosphere in ppb. The NASA DC-8 aircraft was equipped with 14 instruments. Three of those instruments were the Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL), the Whole Air Sampler (WAS (NCAR)), and the NOAA Lyman-Alpha Total Water Hygrometer (NOAA TW). The DIAL recorded data on infrared (IR) aerosol depolarization percentages, IR atmospheric scattering ratio, ozone mixing ratio in ppb by volume, VIS aerosol depolarization percentages, and VIS atmospheric scattering ratio. The WAS (NCAR) collected data on mixing ratios of CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, CF2Cl2, CFCl3, C2F3Cl3, and CH3CCl3. The NOCAR (NCAR/NOAA) NO/NOy instrument made in situ observations at DC-8 flight levels which were found to record NOy falling gravitationally on particles formed at higher altitudes. Finally, the NOAA TW collected information about the H2O volume mixing ratio in parts per million (ppm). For AASE, the balloon sondes were used to collect data on air temperature, dew point depression, and wind speed.\n\nThe ER-2 aircraft was equipped with 18 instruments for AASE-II. Three of those instruments include the Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP), the Argus Tunable Diode Laser Instrument (ARGUS), and the Aircraft Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS). The MTP collected data on atmospheric temperature and potential air temperature. The ARGUS measured N2O mixing ratio in ppb. Finally, the ALIAS collected data on N2O, CH4, HNO3, HCL, and H2O. The DC-8 aircraft was equipped with 16 instruments. 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The DIAL recorded data on infrared (IR) aerosol depolarization percentages, IR atmospheric scattering ratio, ozone mixing ratio in ppb by volume, VIS aerosol depolarization percentages, and VIS atmospheric scattering ratio. The WAS (NCAR) collected data on mixing ratios of CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, CF2Cl2, CFCl3, C2F3Cl3, and CH3CCl3. The NOCAR (NCAR/NOAA) NO/NOy instrument made in situ observations at DC-8 flight levels which were found to record NOy falling gravitationally on particles formed at higher altitudes. Finally, the NOAA TW collected information about the H2O volume mixing ratio in parts per million (ppm). For AASE, the balloon sondes were used to collect data on air temperature, dew point depression, and wind speed.\n\nThe ER-2 aircraft was equipped with 18 instruments for AASE-II. Three of those instruments include the Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP), the Argus Tunable Diode Laser Instrument (ARGUS), and the Aircraft Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS). The MTP collected data on atmospheric temperature and potential air temperature. The ARGUS measured N2O mixing ratio in ppb. Finally, the ALIAS collected data on N2O, CH4, HNO3, HCL, and H2O. The DC-8 aircraft was equipped with 16 instruments. Three of the instruments among the 16 include the Differential Absorption Carbon Monoxide Measurement (DACOM), the Whole Air Sampler (WAS (UCI)), and the Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP). The DACOM recorded measurements on the carbon monoxide mixing ratio (ppb), methane mixing ratio (ppb), nitrous oxide mixing ratio (ppb), and the carbon dioxide mixing ratio (ppm). The WAS (UCI) collected data on hydrocarbons/halocarbons in the atmosphere. While the FSSP collected concentrations and distribution of aerosol size. 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The DIAL recorded data on infrared (IR) aerosol depolarization percentages, IR atmospheric scattering ratio, ozone mixing ratio in ppb by volume, VIS aerosol depolarization percentages, and VIS atmospheric scattering ratio. The WAS (NCAR) collected data on mixing ratios of CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, CF2Cl2, CFCl3, C2F3Cl3, and CH3CCl3. The NOCAR (NCAR/NOAA) NO/NOy instrument made in situ observations at DC-8 flight levels which were found to record NOy falling gravitationally on particles formed at higher altitudes. Finally, the NOAA TW collected information about the H2O volume mixing ratio in parts per million (ppm). For AASE, the balloon sondes were used to collect data on air temperature, dew point depression, and wind speed.\n\nThe ER-2 aircraft was equipped with 18 instruments for AASE-II. Three of those instruments include the Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP), the Argus Tunable Diode Laser Instrument (ARGUS), and the Aircraft Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS). 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Second, AASE-II sought to understand what the causes of mid-latitude stratospheric ozone decreases in late fall through early summer are. This objective comes from the observations of ground and satellite observations the decade prior to the campaign. Finally, due to the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in June 1991, AASE-II aimed to address the effect volcanoes have on the chemical processes that govern stratospheric ozone. Specifically, this campaign questions if volcanic aerosols could modify depletion of stratospheric ozone associated with industrial halocarbons?\n\nIn order to accomplish these goals and answer these questions, AASE deployed the NASA DC-8 aircraft, NASA ER-2 aircraft, balloon sondes, and used imagery from satellites. These payloads and instruments were used for both AASE and AASE-II. Flights for AASE (including test flights) were conducted from December 1988 to February 1989, while flights for AASE-II (including test flights) were conducted from August 1991 to March 1992. 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The global data set was restricted to a representation of permanent croplands (i.e., excluding shifting cultivation), which follows the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) definition of arable lands and permanent crops. Data values represent fraction of grid cell in croplands.\r\n\r\nData for the LBA study area are available for the years 1900, 1910, 1920, 1930, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, and 1992. Although the global croplands data set contains data representing croplands since 1700, essentially no croplands were in the LBA study area until 1900. Data from previous years were excluded at the suggestion of the data originator.\r\n\r\nMore information can be found at ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/lba/land_use_land_cover_change/historical_croplands/comp/uwcrop_readme.pdf.\r\n\r\nLBA was a cooperative international research initiative led by Brazil. NASA was a lead sponsor for several experiments. 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The subset was created for the study area of the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) in South America (i.e., 10\u00b0 N to 25\u00b0 S, 30\u00b0 to 85\u00b0 W).\r\n\r\nThe global river discharge data set (Coe and Olejniczak 1999), formerly known as the \"Climate, People, and Environment Program (CPEP) Global River Discharge Database,\" is a compilation of monthly mean discharge data for more than 2600 sites worldwide. The data were compiled from RivDIS Version 1.1 (Vorosmarty et al. 1998), the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Brazilian National Department of Water and Electrical Energy. The period of record for the sites varies from 3 years to greater than 100.\r\n\r\nThe purpose of the global compilation is to provide detailed hydrographic information for the climate research community in as general a format as possible. Data are given in units of meters cubed per second (m**3/sec) and are in ASCII format. Data from stations that had less than 3 years of information or that had a basin area less than 5000 square kilometers were excluded from the global data set. Thus, the data sources may include more sites than the data set by Coe and Olejniczak (1999). Users should refer to the data originators for further documentation on the source data.\r\n\r\nMore information, a map of discharge sites, and a clickable site data table can be found at ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/lba/surf_hydro_and_water_chem/sage/comp/sagedischarge_readme.pdf.\r\n\r\nLBA was a cooperative international research initiative led by Brazil. NASA was a lead sponsor for several experiments. LBA was designed to create the new knowledge needed to understand the climatological, ecological, biogeochemical, and hydrological functioning of Amazonia; the impact of land use change on these functions; and the interactions between Amazonia and the Earth system. 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Data following the 2023 EKAMSAT Pilot project will be available under the SeaBASS experiment PVST_NORTHERN_INDIAN_OCEAN (DOI: 10.5067/SeaBASS/PVST_NORTHERN_INDIAN_OCEAN/DATA001) and once data is available it can be downloaded here: https://seabass.gsfc.nasa.gov/experiment/ PVST_NORTHERN_INDIAN_OCEAN.","distribution_titles":["Original Metadata"],"harvest_record":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/1f17a252-3b68-4112-b76c-94dd70d6060f","harvest_record_raw":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/1f17a252-3b68-4112-b76c-94dd70d6060f/raw","has_download":true,"has_spatial":true,"identifier":"10.5067/SeaBASS/EKAMSAT_Pilot_ASTRAL/DATA001","keyword":["earth-science-ocean-chemistry-oceans","earth-science-ocean-optics-oceans","earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans","earth-science-salinity-density-oceans"],"last_harvested_date":"2026-09-23T00:12:38.198168","organization":{"aliases":[""],"code_repo_exempt":false,"code_repo_url":null,"description":null,"id":"f4ca4614-8901-409b-8553-2e994ad10023","logo":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GSA/logo/refs/heads/master/nasa.png","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","organization_type":"Federal Government","slug":"nasa"},"parent_identifier":null,"popularity":1,"publisher":"NASA/GSFC/SED/ESD/GCDC/OB.DAAC;NASA/GSFC/SED/ESD/GCDC/SeaBASS","slug":"enhancing-knowledge-of-the-arabian-sea-marine-environment-through-science-and-advanced-tra","spatial_centroid":null,"spatial_shape":null,"theme":["Earth Science"],"title":"Enhancing Knowledge of the Arabian Sea Marine environment through Science and Advanced Training (EKAMSAT)","type":"dataset"},{"_score":63.829105,"_sort":[1790122343275,63.829105,2,"751cec50-5adb-4c84-b6cf-498de36b7a6a"],"dcat":{"@type":"dcat:Dataset","accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["026:00"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Earthdata Forum","hasEmail":"mailto:earthdata-support@nasa.gov"},"description":"Impacts of Climate on the Eco-Systems and Chemistry of the Arctic Pacific Environment (ICESCAPE) was a multi-year NASA shipborne project. 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There are three files in this data set.","distribution_titles":["Original Metadata"],"harvest_record":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/96d31d04-3c89-4732-8d72-3adba5569be3","harvest_record_raw":"https://catalog.data.gov/harvest_record/96d31d04-3c89-4732-8d72-3adba5569be3/raw","has_download":true,"has_spatial":true,"identifier":"10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1006","keyword":["earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-heat-flux","earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions","earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems","earth-science-erosion-sedimentation-land-surface-sediment-transport","earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-respiration","earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-carbon","earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-photosynthetically-active-radiation"],"last_harvested_date":"2026-09-23T00:11:19.437847","organization":{"aliases":[""],"code_repo_exempt":false,"code_repo_url":null,"description":null,"id":"f4ca4614-8901-409b-8553-2e994ad10023","logo":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GSA/logo/refs/heads/master/nasa.png","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","organization_type":"Federal Government","slug":"nasa"},"parent_identifier":null,"popularity":6,"publisher":"ORNL_DAAC","slug":"islscp-ii-total-plant-available-soil-water-storage-capacity-of-the-rooting-zone","spatial_centroid":null,"spatial_shape":null,"theme":["Earth Science"],"title":"ISLSCP II Total Plant-Available Soil Water Storage Capacity of the Rooting Zone","type":"dataset"},{"_score":4.0507927,"_sort":[1790122254086,4.0507927,2,"b24ac7f0-a515-4445-9cc9-a1d568e65336"],"dcat":{"@type":"dcat:Dataset","accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["026:00"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"NASA Space Physics Data Facility","hasEmail":"mailto:NASA-SPDF-Support@nasa.onmicrosoft.com"},"description":"* Data Set Overview\n* =================\n\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Data Set Characteristics          | Value                                                |\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n| Instrument Principal Investigator | Rochus E. Vogt                                       |\n| Data Supplier                     | National Space Science Data Center                   |\n| Data Sampling Rate                | Variable (1 hr for FPHA Data, 15 min for all others) |\n| Data Set Start Time               | 1979-07-03T00:00:00.000Z                             |\n| Data Set Stop Time                | 1979-08-03T23:45:00.000Z                             |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n\nThe following Description has been adapted from NSSDC CRS, 1979:\n\nAs its Name implies, the Cosmic Ray Subsystem (CRS) was designed for Cosmic Ray Studies (Stone et al., 1977b). It consists of two High Energy Telescopes (HET), four Low Energy Telescopes (LET) and The Electron Telescope (TET). The Detectors have large Geometric Factors (about 0.48 cm^2 sr to 8 cm^2 sr) and long Electronic Time Constants (\u223c24 \u00b5s) for low Power Consumption and good Stability. Normally, the Data are primarily derived from comprehensive (\u03b4E[1], \u03b4E[2] and E) Pulse-Height Information about individual Events. Because of the high Particle Fluxes encountered at Jupiter and Saturn, greater reliance had to be placed on Counting Rates in single Detectors and various Coincidence Rates. In Interplanetary Space, Guard Counters are placed in Anticoincidence with the Primary Detectors to reduce the Background from High-Energy Particles penetrating through the Sides of the Telescopes. These Guard Counters were turned off in the Jovian Magnetosphere when the accidental Anticoincidence Rate became high enough to block a substantial Fraction of the desired Counts. Fortunately, under these Conditions the Spectra were sufficiently soft that the Background, due to penetrating Particles, was small.\n\nThe Data on Proton and Ion Fluxes at Jupiter were obtained with the LET. The Thicknesses of individual Solid-State Detectors in the LET and their Trigger Thresholds were chosen such that, even in the Jovian Magnetosphere, Electrons made, at most, a very minor Contribution to the Proton Counting Rates (Lupton and Stone, 1972). Dead Time Corrections and accidental Coincidences were small (<20%) throughout most of the Magnetotail, but were substantial (>50%) at Flux Maxima within 40 Rj Of Jupiter. Data have been included in this Package for those Periods when the Corrections are less than \u223c50% and can be corrected by the User with the Dead Time appropriate to the Detector (2 \u03b4s to 25 \u03b4s). The high Counting Rates, however, caused some Baseline Shift which may have raised Proton Thresholds significantly. In the Inner Magnetosphere, the L[2] Counting Rate was still useful because it never rolled over. This Rate is due to 1.8 MeV to 13 MeV Protons penetrating L[1] (0.43 cm^2 sr) and >9 MeV Protons penetrating the Shield (8.4 cm^2 sr). For an E^-2 Spectrum, the two Groups would make comparable Contributions, but in the Magnetosphere, for the E^-3 to E^-4 Spectrum above 2.5 MeV (McDonald et al., 1979), the Contribution from Protons penetrating the Shield would be only 3% to 14%.\n\nThe LET L[1]L[2]L[4] and L[1]L[2]L[3] Coincidence-Anticoincidence Rates give the Proton Flux between 1.8 MeV and 8 MeV and 3 MeV to 8 MeV with a small Alpha Particle Contribution (~10^-3). Corrections are required for Dead Time Losses in L[1], accidental L[1]L[2] Coincidences and Anticoincidence Losses from L[4]. Data are given only for Periods when these Corrections are relatively small. In addition to the Rates listed in the Table, the Energy lost in Detectors L[1], L[2] and L[3] was measured for individual Particles. For Protons, this covered the Energy Range from 0.42 MeV to 8.3 MeV. Protons can be identified positively by the \u03b4E versus E Technique, their Spectra obtained and accidental Coincidences greatly reduced. Because of Telemetry Limitations, however, only a small Fraction of the Events could be transmitted, and Statistics become poor unless Pulse-Height Data are averaged over a Period of one Hour.\n\nHET and LET Detectors share the same Data Lines and Pulse-Height Analyzers. Thus, the Telescopes can interfere with one another during Periods of high Counting Rates. To prevent such an Interference and explore different Coincidence Conditions, the Experiment was cycled through four Operating Modes, each 192 s long. Either the HETs or the LETs were turned on at a time. LET-D was cycled through L[1] only and L[1]L[2] Coincidence Requirements. The TET was cycled through various Coincidence Conditions, including Singles from the Front Detectors. At the Expense of some Time Resolution, this Procedure permitted us to obtain significant Data in the Outer Magnetosphere and excellent Data during the long Passage through the Magnetotail Region.\n\nSome of the published Results from this Experiment required extensive Corrections for Dead Time, accidental Coincidences and Anticoincidences (Vogt et al., 1979a, Vogt et al., 1979b, Schardt et al., 1981, Gehrels, 1981). These Corrections can be applied only on a case-by-case Basis after a careful Study of the Environment and many Self-Consistency Checks. They cannot be applied on a systematic Basis and we have no Computer Programs to do so. Therefore, Data from such Periods are not included in the Data Center Submission. The Scientists on the CRS Team will, however, be glad to consider special Requests if the desired Information can be extracted from the Data.\n\n* Description of the Data\n* =======================\n\n(1) LD1 RATE gives the nominal >0.43 MeV Proton Flux (cm^2 s sr)^-1. This Rate includes all Particles which pass through a 0.8 mg/cm^2 Aluminum Foil and deposits more than 220 keV in a 34.6 \u00b5m Silicon Detector on Voyager 1 (209 keV, 33.9 \u00b5m on Voyager 2) Therefore, Heavy Ions, such as Oxygen and Sulfur are also detected, however, their Contribution is believed to be relatively small. Only a small Percentage of the Pulses in this Detector are larger than the maximum Energy that can be deposited by a Proton. Heavy Ions would produce such large Pulses, unless their Energy Spectra were much steeper than the Proton Spectrum. The true Flux, F(t), can be calculated from the Data:\n\nF(t) = F/(1-1.26x10^-4 F)\n\nand Corrections are small for F<1000 (cm^2 s)^-1.\n\n(2) The LD2 RATE is not suitable for an Absolute Flux Determination and is given in counts per second. The Detector responds to Protons and Ions that penetrate either (a) 0.8 mg/cm^2 Aluminum plus 8.0 mg/cm^2 Silicon and lose at least 200 keV in a 35 \u00b5m Si Detector (1.8 MeV to 13 MeV) or (b) pass through >140 mg/cm^2 Aluminum. For an E^-2 Proton Spectrum, the Contributions from (a) and (b) would be about equal, however, the Proton Spectrum is substantially softer throughout most of the Magnetosphere and the Detector should respond primarily to (a). Dead Time Corrections are given by\n\nR(t) = R/(1-2.55x10^-5 R)\n\nwhere R is the Count Rate in counts per second. Thus, Correction to the supplied data are small for R<4000 counts per second, but become so large in the middle Magnetosphere that the Magnitude of even relative intensity Changes becomes uncertain.\n\n(3) LD L[1].L[2].L[4]. SL COINCIDENCE RATE gives the total Proton Flux (cm^2 s sr)^-1 between 1.8 MeV and 8.1 MeV with a small Admixture of Alpha Particles. Accidental Coincidences become subst","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://helio.data.nasa.gov/dataset/Voyager2_CRS_Jupiter_PT15M","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://hpde.io/NASA/NumericalData/Voyager2/CRS/Jupiter/PT15M","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://pds-ppi.igpp.ucla.edu/data/VG2-J-CRS-5-SUMM-FLUX-V1.0/AAREADME.TXT","format":"TXT","mediaType":"text/plain"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","downloadURL":"https://pds-ppi.igpp.ucla.edu/search/view/?f=yes&id=pds%3A%2F%2FPPI%2FVG2-J-CRS-5-SUMM-FLUX-V1.0","format":"BIN","mediaType":"application/octet-stream"}],"identifier":"https://doi.org/10.48322/frcx-k575","keyword":["energeticparticles"],"landingPage":"https://doi.org/10.48322/frcx-k575","license":"https://www.usa.gov/government-works","modified":"2026-09-22","programCode":["026:000"],"publisher":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"PPI"},"theme":["Heliophysics"],"title":"Voyager 2 Jupiter Cosmic Ray Subsystem (CRS) Derived Proton, Ion, and Electron Fluxes, Version 1.0, 15 min Browse Data"},"description":"* Data Set Overview\n* =================\n\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Data Set Characteristics          | Value                                                |\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n| Instrument Principal Investigator | Rochus E. Vogt                                       |\n| Data Supplier                     | National Space Science Data Center                   |\n| Data Sampling Rate                | Variable (1 hr for FPHA Data, 15 min for all others) |\n| Data Set Start Time               | 1979-07-03T00:00:00.000Z                             |\n| Data Set Stop Time                | 1979-08-03T23:45:00.000Z                             |\n+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n\nThe following Description has been adapted from NSSDC CRS, 1979:\n\nAs its Name implies, the Cosmic Ray Subsystem (CRS) was designed for Cosmic Ray Studies (Stone et al., 1977b). It consists of two High Energy Telescopes (HET), four Low Energy Telescopes (LET) and The Electron Telescope (TET). The Detectors have large Geometric Factors (about 0.48 cm^2 sr to 8 cm^2 sr) and long Electronic Time Constants (\u223c24 \u00b5s) for low Power Consumption and good Stability. Normally, the Data are primarily derived from comprehensive (\u03b4E[1], \u03b4E[2] and E) Pulse-Height Information about individual Events. Because of the high Particle Fluxes encountered at Jupiter and Saturn, greater reliance had to be placed on Counting Rates in single Detectors and various Coincidence Rates. In Interplanetary Space, Guard Counters are placed in Anticoincidence with the Primary Detectors to reduce the Background from High-Energy Particles penetrating through the Sides of the Telescopes. These Guard Counters were turned off in the Jovian Magnetosphere when the accidental Anticoincidence Rate became high enough to block a substantial Fraction of the desired Counts. Fortunately, under these Conditions the Spectra were sufficiently soft that the Background, due to penetrating Particles, was small.\n\nThe Data on Proton and Ion Fluxes at Jupiter were obtained with the LET. The Thicknesses of individual Solid-State Detectors in the LET and their Trigger Thresholds were chosen such that, even in the Jovian Magnetosphere, Electrons made, at most, a very minor Contribution to the Proton Counting Rates (Lupton and Stone, 1972). Dead Time Corrections and accidental Coincidences were small (<20%) throughout most of the Magnetotail, but were substantial (>50%) at Flux Maxima within 40 Rj Of Jupiter. Data have been included in this Package for those Periods when the Corrections are less than \u223c50% and can be corrected by the User with the Dead Time appropriate to the Detector (2 \u03b4s to 25 \u03b4s). The high Counting Rates, however, caused some Baseline Shift which may have raised Proton Thresholds significantly. In the Inner Magnetosphere, the L[2] Counting Rate was still useful because it never rolled over. This Rate is due to 1.8 MeV to 13 MeV Protons penetrating L[1] (0.43 cm^2 sr) and >9 MeV Protons penetrating the Shield (8.4 cm^2 sr). For an E^-2 Spectrum, the two Groups would make comparable Contributions, but in the Magnetosphere, for the E^-3 to E^-4 Spectrum above 2.5 MeV (McDonald et al., 1979), the Contribution from Protons penetrating the Shield would be only 3% to 14%.\n\nThe LET L[1]L[2]L[4] and L[1]L[2]L[3] Coincidence-Anticoincidence Rates give the Proton Flux between 1.8 MeV and 8 MeV and 3 MeV to 8 MeV with a small Alpha Particle Contribution (~10^-3). Corrections are required for Dead Time Losses in L[1], accidental L[1]L[2] Coincidences and Anticoincidence Losses from L[4]. Data are given only for Periods when these Corrections are relatively small. In addition to the Rates listed in the Table, the Energy lost in Detectors L[1], L[2] and L[3] was measured for individual Particles. For Protons, this covered the Energy Range from 0.42 MeV to 8.3 MeV. Protons can be identified positively by the \u03b4E versus E Technique, their Spectra obtained and accidental Coincidences greatly reduced. Because of Telemetry Limitations, however, only a small Fraction of the Events could be transmitted, and Statistics become poor unless Pulse-Height Data are averaged over a Period of one Hour.\n\nHET and LET Detectors share the same Data Lines and Pulse-Height Analyzers. Thus, the Telescopes can interfere with one another during Periods of high Counting Rates. To prevent such an Interference and explore different Coincidence Conditions, the Experiment was cycled through four Operating Modes, each 192 s long. Either the HETs or the LETs were turned on at a time. LET-D was cycled through L[1] only and L[1]L[2] Coincidence Requirements. The TET was cycled through various Coincidence Conditions, including Singles from the Front Detectors. At the Expense of some Time Resolution, this Procedure permitted us to obtain significant Data in the Outer Magnetosphere and excellent Data during the long Passage through the Magnetotail Region.\n\nSome of the published Results from this Experiment required extensive Corrections for Dead Time, accidental Coincidences and Anticoincidences (Vogt et al., 1979a, Vogt et al., 1979b, Schardt et al., 1981, Gehrels, 1981). These Corrections can be applied only on a case-by-case Basis after a careful Study of the Environment and many Self-Consistency Checks. They cannot be applied on a systematic Basis and we have no Computer Programs to do so. Therefore, Data from such Periods are not included in the Data Center Submission. The Scientists on the CRS Team will, however, be glad to consider special Requests if the desired Information can be extracted from the Data.\n\n* Description of the Data\n* =======================\n\n(1) LD1 RATE gives the nominal >0.43 MeV Proton Flux (cm^2 s sr)^-1. This Rate includes all Particles which pass through a 0.8 mg/cm^2 Aluminum Foil and deposits more than 220 keV in a 34.6 \u00b5m Silicon Detector on Voyager 1 (209 keV, 33.9 \u00b5m on Voyager 2) Therefore, Heavy Ions, such as Oxygen and Sulfur are also detected, however, their Contribution is believed to be relatively small. Only a small Percentage of the Pulses in this Detector are larger than the maximum Energy that can be deposited by a Proton. Heavy Ions would produce such large Pulses, unless their Energy Spectra were much steeper than the Proton Spectrum. The true Flux, F(t), can be calculated from the Data:\n\nF(t) = F/(1-1.26x10^-4 F)\n\nand Corrections are small for F<1000 (cm^2 s)^-1.\n\n(2) The LD2 RATE is not suitable for an Absolute Flux Determination and is given in counts per second. The Detector responds to Protons and Ions that penetrate either (a) 0.8 mg/cm^2 Aluminum plus 8.0 mg/cm^2 Silicon and lose at least 200 keV in a 35 \u00b5m Si Detector (1.8 MeV to 13 MeV) or (b) pass through >140 mg/cm^2 Aluminum. For an E^-2 Proton Spectrum, the Contributions from (a) and (b) would be about equal, however, the Proton Spectrum is substantially softer throughout most of the Magnetosphere and the Detector should respond primarily to (a). Dead Time Corrections are given by\n\nR(t) = R/(1-2.55x10^-5 R)\n\nwhere R is the Count Rate in counts per second. Thus, Correction to the supplied data are small for R<4000 counts per second, but become so large in the middle Magnetosphere that the Magnitude of even relative intensity Changes becomes uncertain.\n\n(3) LD L[1].L[2].L[4]. SL COINCIDENCE RATE gives the total Proton Flux (cm^2 s sr)^-1 between 1.8 MeV and 8.1 MeV with a small Admixture of Alpha Particles. 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Integration of the measurements on the Cessna with ground measurements was envisioned to provide the vertical chemical and thermal structure of the lowest part of the boundary layer at the sites, and how particle characteristics changes with altitude within the boundary layer. The Cessna flights included profiling and specialized flight patterns. The profiling was made over the sites and at the model boundaries. The profiling provided vertical profiles of O3, particle number size distribution from 0.12 to and total particle counts, VOCs, and meteorological parameters at these locations. During race-track flight patterns, filters were collected at 50, 100, and 300 m altitudes, for inorganic and OC/EC components. On August 20, based on forecast forward trajectories, the Cessna flew along the trajectories starting from the LEL site at the 500 m altitude in an attempt to understanding the time evolution of particles.The Pacific 2001 Air Quality Study (PAC2001) was conducted from 1 August to 31 September, 2001 in the Lower Fraser Valley (LFV), British Columbia, Canada. The study consisted of individual research projects organized to address several issues on ambient particulate matter and ozone that are important to policy makers. A special issue of Atmospheric Environment [Vol. 38(34), Nov 2004] described specific study objectives (Li, 2004) and presented a series of results papers from the field study. The ground sampling sites during the study were (1) Cassiar Tunnel, (2) Slocan Park, (3) Langley Ecole Lochiel, (4) Sumas Eagle Ridge, and (5) Golden Ears Provincial Park. Aloft measurements were taken from a Convair 580 and a Cessna 188. Selected measurement data were compiled for each site and aircraft and are archived as site-specific data sets.NARSTO (formerly North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone) is a public/private partnership, whose membership spans government, the utilities, industry, and academe throughout Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The primary mission is to coordinate and enhance policy-relevant scientific research and assessment of tropospheric pollution behavior; activities provide input for science-based decision-making and determination of workable, efficient, and effective strategies for local and regional air-pollution management. 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The site was surrounded by hobby farms and by relatively few country roads that are lined with both coniferous and deciduous trees, with little change in terrain heights within a radius of 15 km. Nontraditional agricultural practices, such as mushroom and chicken farming and small orchards, are common within this radius of the site. The nearest small urban center, Langley, is about 6 km north of the site. The site was approximately 10 km to the major expressways of Highway 1 in Canada and I-5 in the US and was approximately 6km to Highway 1A in Canada. Particle sampling was done in the center of an unobstructed field of approximately 30-50m2 about 2.5m from ground. On-site measurements were conducted from five temporary labs with inlets about 5m above ground. \r\n\r\nMeasurements at this site, from August 13th to 31st, were intended to address the unknowns related to particles and ozone, with an emphasis on the transition from the urban mix to a suburban/rural setting, particularly the impact of agricultural sources on the particulate matter formation and evolution. Similar to the instrumentation package at Slocan Park site, the instrumentation package includes measurements in five categories.1) Measurements related to the precursors of fine PM and the oxidation environment in which the fine PM is formed. 2) Measurements related to the characterization of fine PM and the evolution process of PM.3) Measurements related to the emission of fine PM and its precursors in the valley.4) Measurements related to the mapping of fine PM horizontal and vertical distribution in the valley.5) Measurements of meteorological parameters in the valley. Measurements included detailed gas phase measurements of NOx=NOy (total and speciated), CO, O3, SO2, VOCs, OVOCs, carbonyls, NH3, HOx, and NH3 intended for a detailed understanding of the oxidation environment and chemical processes in which both O3 and secondary particulate matter are formed. Detailed measurements were made on size distributed inorganic ionic components, organic carbon, elemental carbon, and mass from 0.05 to 18 mm AD twice a day. High-time resolution measurements using a second AMS were made, measuring the size distribution of inorganic species and homologues of organic species from 0.06 to 0.7 mm. Detailed organic carbon speciation measurements, carbon isotope characterization, sulfur isotope characterization, and amorphous carbon were made for particles 2.5 mm on 10-h day samples collected twice daily. The gas-particle partitioning of semi-volatile organic compounds was studied using a Hi-cap denuder sampling system and detailed lab organic analyses. Continuous mass measurements for particles 2.5 mm were made using a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM)\r\nwith a diffusion dryer on the inlet. Particle number size distributions were measured from 0.01 to 3 mm using a DMA and an optical probe. Hygroscopic properties of particles were measured at two particle sizes using two DMAs in tandem. For NH3, HNO2, HNO3, HCHO, and PM 2.5 mm mass measurements and the particle chemical size distributions, more than one technique were deployed at this site. The multiple measurements of these species provided a test of the performance and validation of the different techniques and ensure that instrument biases were corrected. They also provide complementing data of different characteristics, such as better sensitivities versus time resolution. The diurnal evolution of the boundary layer height was studied using a scanning LIDAR that scanned the north, east and west quadrants. Radiation measurements, both UV and visible, were done using an Eppley and a CIMEL sun photometer. Vertical distribution of certain parameters, such as O3 and meteorological parameters, in the lower part of the atmosphere were also assessed from tethered balloons at Langley Poppy High School, 7.9km northeast of the Langley Ecole Lochiel site. Number size distribution between 0.25 and 10 mm were done from ground the Langley Ecole Lochiel site. This was further aided by a scanning lidar that based at the Langley Ecole Lochiel site. The Pacific 2001 Air Quality Study (PAC2001) was conducted from 1 August to 31 September 2001 in the Lower Fraser Valley (LFV), British Columbia, Canada. The study consisted of individual research projects organized to address several issues on ambient particulate matter and ozone that are important to policy makers. A special issue of Atmospheric Environment [Vol. 38(34), Nov 2004] described specific study objectives (Li, 2004) and presented a series of results papers from the field study. The ground sampling sites during the study were (1) Cassiar Tunnel, (2) Slocan Park, (3) Langley Ecole Lochiel, (4) Sumas Eagle Ridge, and (5) Golden Ears Provincial Park. Aloft measurements were taken from a Convair 580 and a Cessna 188. Selected measurement data were compiled for each site and aircraft and are archived as site-specific data sets.\r\n\r\nNorth American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO), which has since disbanded, was a public/private partnership, whose membership spanned across government, utilities, industry, and academe throughout Mexico, the United States, and Canada. 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The site was surrounded by hobby farms and by relatively few country roads that are lined with both coniferous and deciduous trees, with little change in terrain heights within a radius of 15 km. Nontraditional agricultural practices, such as mushroom and chicken farming and small orchards, are common within this radius of the site. The nearest small urban center, Langley, is about 6 km north of the site. The site was approximately 10 km to the major expressways of Highway 1 in Canada and I-5 in the US and was approximately 6km to Highway 1A in Canada. Particle sampling was done in the center of an unobstructed field of approximately 30-50m2 about 2.5m from ground. On-site measurements were conducted from five temporary labs with inlets about 5m above ground. \r\n\r\nMeasurements at this site, from August 13th to 31st, were intended to address the unknowns related to particles and ozone, with an emphasis on the transition from the urban mix to a suburban/rural setting, particularly the impact of agricultural sources on the particulate matter formation and evolution. Similar to the instrumentation package at Slocan Park site, the instrumentation package includes measurements in five categories.1) Measurements related to the precursors of fine PM and the oxidation environment in which the fine PM is formed. 2) Measurements related to the characterization of fine PM and the evolution process of PM.3) Measurements related to the emission of fine PM and its precursors in the valley.4) Measurements related to the mapping of fine PM horizontal and vertical distribution in the valley.5) Measurements of meteorological parameters in the valley. Measurements included detailed gas phase measurements of NOx=NOy (total and speciated), CO, O3, SO2, VOCs, OVOCs, carbonyls, NH3, HOx, and NH3 intended for a detailed understanding of the oxidation environment and chemical processes in which both O3 and secondary particulate matter are formed. Detailed measurements were made on size distributed inorganic ionic components, organic carbon, elemental carbon, and mass from 0.05 to 18 mm AD twice a day. High-time resolution measurements using a second AMS were made, measuring the size distribution of inorganic species and homologues of organic species from 0.06 to 0.7 mm. Detailed organic carbon speciation measurements, carbon isotope characterization, sulfur isotope characterization, and amorphous carbon were made for particles 2.5 mm on 10-h day samples collected twice daily. The gas-particle partitioning of semi-volatile organic compounds was studied using a Hi-cap denuder sampling system and detailed lab organic analyses. Continuous mass measurements for particles 2.5 mm were made using a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM)\r\nwith a diffusion dryer on the inlet. Particle number size distributions were measured from 0.01 to 3 mm using a DMA and an optical probe. Hygroscopic properties of particles were measured at two particle sizes using two DMAs in tandem. For NH3, HNO2, HNO3, HCHO, and PM 2.5 mm mass measurements and the particle chemical size distributions, more than one technique were deployed at this site. The multiple measurements of these species provided a test of the performance and validation of the different techniques and ensure that instrument biases were corrected. They also provide complementing data of different characteristics, such as better sensitivities versus time resolution. The diurnal evolution of the boundary layer height was studied using a scanning LIDAR that scanned the north, east and west quadrants. Radiation measurements, both UV and visible, were done using an Eppley and a CIMEL sun photometer. Vertical distribution of certain parameters, such as O3 and meteorological parameters, in the lower part of the atmosphere were also assessed from tethered balloons at Langley Poppy High School, 7.9km northeast of the Langley Ecole Lochiel site. Number size distribution between 0.25 and 10 mm were done from ground the Langley Ecole Lochiel site. This was further aided by a scanning lidar that based at the Langley Ecole Lochiel site. The Pacific 2001 Air Quality Study (PAC2001) was conducted from 1 August to 31 September 2001 in the Lower Fraser Valley (LFV), British Columbia, Canada. The study consisted of individual research projects organized to address several issues on ambient particulate matter and ozone that are important to policy makers. A special issue of Atmospheric Environment [Vol. 38(34), Nov 2004] described specific study objectives (Li, 2004) and presented a series of results papers from the field study. The ground sampling sites during the study were (1) Cassiar Tunnel, (2) Slocan Park, (3) Langley Ecole Lochiel, (4) Sumas Eagle Ridge, and (5) Golden Ears Provincial Park. Aloft measurements were taken from a Convair 580 and a Cessna 188. Selected measurement data were compiled for each site and aircraft and are archived as site-specific data sets.\r\n\r\nNorth American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO), which has since disbanded, was a public/private partnership, whose membership spanned across government, utilities, industry, and academe throughout Mexico, the United States, and Canada. 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Data was obtained between August 14 and August 30, 2001 during PAC2001. The main mission for the National Research Council (NRC) - Institute for Aerospace Research (IAR) Convair 580 was to map the particle spatial distribution in the valley through remote sensing as well as provide critical meteorological data, particle number size distribution, and O3 profiles. \r\n\r\nThe flights followed mostly meridional and two approximately east-west tracks at 4800 m over the valley for remote sensing using two LIDARs (Strapp and Chevrier, 2001). Spirals from 150-6000 m, for vertical profiles of O3, particle number size distribution, and meteorological parameters, were conducted at the model western boundary at 49.20'N and 123.45' W, at the model southern boundary of 48.25' N and 123.W, as well as during takeoff and landing. A typical flight covered the valley in eight meridional legs, approximately equally spaced, with three of them directly over the ground sites Slocan Park (SP), Langley Ecole Lochiel (LEL), and Sumas Eagle Ridge (SER). East-west flight tracks were flown north and south of the Fraser River, covering most of the urban centers of the valley to probe the urban-suburban-rural gradient, with additional East-West tracks over the North shore lakes to help understand the valley flow situation. The remote sensing was based on aerosol backscattering using upward- and downward-looking LIDARs at the 1064 nm wavelength with a depolarization channel (Strawbridge and Snyder, 2004a). \r\n\r\nThe profiles were obtained during aircraft spirals, specifically located at the western and southern boundaries of the domains of air quality models Urban Airshed Model Variable Grid (UAM-V ) and Model 3/Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) and were intended as the input as boundary conditions for further modeling. The Convair mission flights covered an area with boundaries roughly corresponding to the model domain of Model 3/CMAQ application to the region, with the eastern boundary at 121.52' 30 W and the western boundary at 123.50' 13 W and extended from 48.30' N to 49.30' N over the mountain tops. On August 26 and August 29, night missions were flown from approximately 9 p.m. to 2 a.m. the next morning, primarily to map the nighttime movement of the urban plume in the main and secondary valleys (Strawbridge and Snyder, 2004b). The ground site overflights provided an assessment of the vertical thermal structure and the extent of particle spatial distribution over the sites. The Pacific 2001 Air Quality Study (PAC2001) was conducted from 1 August to 31 September 2001 in the Lower Fraser Valley (LFV), British Columbia, Canada. \r\n\r\nThe study consisted of individual research projects organized to address several issues on ambient PM and ozone that are important to policy makers. A special issue of Atmospheric Environment [Vol. 38(34), Nov 2004] described specific study objectives (Li, 2004) and presented a series of results papers from the field study. Thre were five ground sampling sites during the study, which included: Cassiar Tunnel, Slocan Park, Langley Ecole Lochiel, Sumas Eagle Ridge, and Golden Ears Provincial Park. Aloft measurements were taken from a Convair 580 and a Cessna 188. Selected measurement data were compiled for each site and aircraft and are archived as site-specific data sets.\r\n\r\nNorth American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO), which has since disbanded, was a public/private partnership, whose membership spanned across government, utilities, industry, and academe throughout Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The primary mission was to coordinate and enhance policy-relevant scientific research and assessment of tropospheric pollution behavior; activities provide input for science-based decision-making and determination of workable, efficient, and effective strategies for local and regional air-pollution management. 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A typical flight covered the valley in eight meridional legs, approximately equally spaced, with three of them directly over the ground sites Slocan Park (SP), Langley Ecole Lochiel (LEL), and Sumas Eagle Ridge (SER). East-west flight tracks were flown north and south of the Fraser River, covering most of the urban centers of the valley to probe the urban-suburban-rural gradient, with additional East-West tracks over the North shore lakes to help understand the valley flow situation. The remote sensing was based on aerosol backscattering using upward- and downward-looking LIDARs at the 1064 nm wavelength with a depolarization channel (Strawbridge and Snyder, 2004a). \r\n\r\nThe profiles were obtained during aircraft spirals, specifically located at the western and southern boundaries of the domains of air quality models Urban Airshed Model Variable Grid (UAM-V ) and Model 3/Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) and were intended as the input as boundary conditions for further modeling. The Convair mission flights covered an area with boundaries roughly corresponding to the model domain of Model 3/CMAQ application to the region, with the eastern boundary at 121.52' 30 W and the western boundary at 123.50' 13 W and extended from 48.30' N to 49.30' N over the mountain tops. On August 26 and August 29, night missions were flown from approximately 9 p.m. to 2 a.m. the next morning, primarily to map the nighttime movement of the urban plume in the main and secondary valleys (Strawbridge and Snyder, 2004b). The ground site overflights provided an assessment of the vertical thermal structure and the extent of particle spatial distribution over the sites. The Pacific 2001 Air Quality Study (PAC2001) was conducted from 1 August to 31 September 2001 in the Lower Fraser Valley (LFV), British Columbia, Canada. \r\n\r\nThe study consisted of individual research projects organized to address several issues on ambient PM and ozone that are important to policy makers. A special issue of Atmospheric Environment [Vol. 38(34), Nov 2004] described specific study objectives (Li, 2004) and presented a series of results papers from the field study. 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A data run by the ER-2 aircraft is divided into nine segments, each with the camera positioned to a MISR look angle. The gimbal rotates between successive segments, such that each segment acquires data over the same area on the ground as the previous segment. This process is repeated until all nine angles of the target area are collected. The swath width, which varies from 11 km in the nadir to 32 km at the most oblique angle, is governed by the camera's instantaneous field-of-view of 7 meters cross-track x 6 meters along-track in the nadir view and 21 meters x 55 meters at the most oblique angle. The along-track image length at each angle is dictated by the timing required to obtain overlap imagery at all angles, and varies from about 9 km in the nadir to 26 km at the most oblique angle. Thus, the nadir image dictates the area of overlap that is obtained from all nine angles. A complete flight run takes approximately 13 minutes. The 9 camera viewing angles are: 0 degrees or nadir 26.1 degrees, fore and aft 45.6 degrees, fore and aft 60.0 degrees, fore and aft 70.5 degrees, fore and aft. For each of the camera angles, images are obtained at 4 spectral bands. The spectral bands can be used to identify vegetation and aerosols, estimate surface reflectance and for ocean color studies. The center wavelengths of the 4 spectral bands are: 443 nanometers, blue 555 nanometers, green 670 nanometers, red 865 nanometers, near-infrared. 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It contains a daily statistical summary of directional hemispherical reflectance (DHR), photosynthetically active spectral region (DHR-PAR), DHR for near-infrared band (DHR-NIR), fractional absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR), DHR-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) model parameters. It is classified into six vegetated and one non-vegetated types. This data product is a global summary of the Level 2 land/surface parameters of interest averaged over a day and reported on a geographic grid with a resolution of 0.5 degrees by 0.5 degrees. Data collection for this product is ongoing. This collection contains Leaf Area Index (LAI).\n\nFIRSTLOOK processing uses the new time dependence of the Atmospheric and Surface Climatology (TASC) from the same month/previous year. The TASC data set now contains snow-ice and ocean surface wind speed values that are updated monthly. 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