Timeline / Data.gov — Climate Datasets

changed Source changed

A new raw object was archived. Both versions are preserved. 2349 line(s) added, 2210 line(s) removed.

Evidence

What changed derived

This diff is not evidence. It was produced by civic-memory.diff_engine 1.1.0 at 2026-10-03T06:25:29+00:00 by normalizing the two archived objects above. The objects are authoritative; this reading of them can be regenerated or deleted without loss. 2349 line(s) added, 2210 line(s) removed.

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- "title": "DRIFT Spectra of POM and MAOM in sandy loam soils amended by whole orchard recycling (WOR)"
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- "description": "<p dir=\"ltr\">This dataset contains spectral and soil chemistry data, along with accompanying R Markdown and R data files, from a study of whole orchard recycling (WOR) effects on soil organic matter (SOM) in sandy loam soils. The data and code attached here support the manuscript “Characterization of Particulate and Mineral-Associated Organic Matter in Wood Chip Amended Sandy Loam Soil: Composition and Distribution Across Space-Time” (Robles et al., 2026). </p><p dir=\"ltr\">Soil was collected in July and August 2023 from four experimental almond orchards that received wood chip amendments by whole orchard recycling (WOR) in 2008 (15 years old), 2017 (6 years old), 2019 (4 years old), and 2020 (3 years old); this serves as a space-for-time (SFT) substitution design, with four replicate blocks sampled for each Treatment × Field combination. The orchards are located at the University of California Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center (36.5966 °N, -119.5176 °W) in Parlier, California (USA), each having 4 replicated WOR and control blocks. WOR treatments received 33 – 85 metric tons of wood chips per acre. Chronologically, the 3-year-old orchard received 60 tons of wood per acre, the 4-year-old orchard received 61 tons of wood per acre, the 6-year-old orchard received 85 tons of wood per acre, and the 15-year-old orchard received 33 tons of wood per acre. Control treatments followed conventional management practices during orchard establishment. For the orchards recycled in 2017, 2019, and 2020, the control soils were unamended and burning served as the control treatment in the 2008 orchard. This yields a chronosequence of soil samples at 15-, 6-, 4-, and 3-years post WOR, as a space for time substitution design. The soil texture primarily consists of fine sandy loam, characterized as coarse-loamy, mixed nonacid thermic Typic Xerorthents of the Hanford series. The National Cooperative Soil Survey characterized the Hanford soil series to typically contain less than 1 % soil organic matter (SOM) content, decreasing with depth (Official Series Description - HANFORD Series, n.d.). The orchard experiences a Mediterranean climate, with dry, hot summers and cool, wet winters and precipitation levels generally falling below almond evapotranspiration requirements for a significant portion of the growing season. On average, the annual rainfall and temperature stand at 285 mm and 17°C, respectively. Thus, all crop production in the region is irrigated.</p><p dir=\"ltr\">Particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) fractions were isolated from <2 mm soil and analyzed by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Raw spectra (including bleached NaOCl-oxidized POM and MAOM samples) are stored in SFT_POM_MAOM_raw.rds and processed in Raw_spectra.rmd. Mineral contributions were removed by spectral subtraction (POM – PX and MAM – MX), and spectra were transformed using Kubelka–Munk (KM) functions in OMNIC; the resulting spectral subtraction data are stored in SFT_POM_MAOM_sub_KM.rds and SFT_POM_MAOM_sub_KM_ave.rds (replicate spectra are averaged) and processed in Subtracted_Spectra.rmd and Averaged_Spectra.rmd. Soil chemistry and index data (<2 mm soil, POM, MAOM) are in SFT_2023_Metadata.rds and Helix_Index123.rds and analyzed in SFT_Chem.rmd and SFT_stats.rmd. Variables include total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), C:N ratios, SOM, water-holding capacity (WHC), pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and CO2 respiration. These files allow reproduction of DRIFTS spectral analyses (raw, subtraction, and averaged spectra) and statistical analyses of soil chemistry and index values. The READ_ME file describes the main purpose of each data file/analysis, and defines acronyms used.</p>",
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